Method and system for calibrating an antenna array for an aircraft surveillance system

• US 7,576,686 B2
• Filed: 08/07/2006
• Issued: 08/18/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 08/07/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Garmin International, Inc. (Garmin Limited)
• Original Assignee: Garmin International, Inc. (Garmin Limited)
• Inventors: Needham, Edward W., Blessing, John C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tarcza; Thomas H
• Assistant Examiner(s): GALT, CASSI J
• Application Number:
  US11/462,942
• Publication Number:
  US 20090109085A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,107 Days
• Field of Search: 342/174, 342 29- 40, 342/165, 342/173
• US Class Current: 342/174
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/762 with special measures concerning the radiation pattern, e.g. S.L.S. aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiation patterns, e.g. providing sum and difference patterns, H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/767 Responders; Transponders teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using reflecting targets or active targets F41G3/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4008 of transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4017 of HF systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4021 of receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4052 by simulation of echoes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4069 involving a RF signal injection
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/28 Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence

Abstract

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for calibrating an aircraft surveillance system for a protected aircraft. The system has a phased antenna array comprising antenna elements. The method comprises transmitting a first signal from a first antenna element in the array, and receiving the first signal at a third antenna element. The first signal may represent an interrogation signal transmitted in connection with a surveillance transmit sequence to locate potential intruding aircraft into a range of the protected aircraft. The method further includes transmitting a second signal from a second antenna element and receiving the second signal at the third antenna element. The method also includes calculating calibration information for the antenna array based on the first and second signals received at the third antenna element. During each transmit operation only a single antenna element transmits at one point in time.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating an aircraft surveillance system for a protected aircraft, the system having a phased antenna array comprising antenna elements, the method comprising:

transmitting a first signal from a first antenna element in the antenna array;

receiving the first signal at a third antenna element in the antenna array;

transmitting a second signal from a second antenna element in the antenna array;

receiving the second signal at the third antenna element;

calculating calibration information for the antenna array based on the first and second signals received at the third antenna element; and

wherein the first and second signals constitute interrogation signals transmitted in connection with a Whisper/Shout pulse sequence to locate potential intruding aircraft within a range of the protected aircraft.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna elements are selectively joined to separate transmit, receive and calibration paths provided in the antenna module, the method including joining the third antenna element to a calibration path to bypass a corresponding receive path through the antenna module.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second antenna elements transmit the first and second signals at successive different points in time while no other antenna elements in the antenna array are transmitting.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element transmits the first signal while no other antenna elements in the antenna array are transmitting.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving steps include storing relative phase differences associated with the first and second signals.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna array constitutes an active antenna array.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating includes determining a phase calibration offset between first and second transmit channels associated with the first and second antenna elements, respectively, and storing the phase calibration offset.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting includes transmitting multiple first signals from the first antenna element at progressively greater power levels.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating includes determining a measured phase difference between the first interrogation signal received at the third antenna element and the second interrogation signal received at the third antenna element.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising configuring the antenna array to perform directional transmitting and receiving operations, wherein the calibration information corrects the directional transmitting and receiving operations.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein each antenna element is associated with a unique transmit channel and a unique receive channel which are external to a remote transmit and receive unit, the calibration information correcting for insertion losses within corresponding transmit and receive channels.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting and receiving are repeated for multiple signals such that the calibration information characterizes a dynamic range of transmit and receive channels associated with each of the antenna elements.

13. A method for calibrating an aircraft surveillance system for a protected aircraft, the system having a phased antenna array comprising antenna elements, the method comprising:

transmitting a first interrogation signal from a first antenna element in the antenna array, the first interrogation signal constituting part of a surveillance transmit sequence, wherein the first interrogation signal constitutes part of a Whisper/Shout pulse sequence;

receiving the first interrogation signal at a second antenna element in the antenna array; and

calculating calibration information for the antenna array based on the first interrogation signal received by the second antenna element.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the antenna elements are selectively joined to separate transmit, receive and calibration paths provided in the antenna module, the method including joining the second antenna element to a calibration path to bypass a corresponding receive path through the antenna module.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the receiving includes storing relative phase differences associated with the first interrogation signal.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the antenna array constitutes an active antenna array.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting includes transmitting multiple first signals from the first antenna element at progressively greater power levels.

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising configuring the antenna array to perform directional transmitting and receiving operations, wherein the calibration information corrects the directional transmitting and receiving operations.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein each antenna element is associated with a unique transmit channel and a unique receive channel which are external to a remote transmit and receive unit, the calibration information correcting for insertion losses within corresponding transmit and receive channels.

20. The method of claim 13, further comprising transmitting a second interrogation signal from a third antenna element in the antenna array, the second interrogation signal constituting part of the surveillance transmit sequence, wherein the first and third antenna elements transmit the first and second signals, respectively, at successive different points in time while no other antenna elements in the antenna array are transmitting.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the calculating includes determining a phase calibration offset between first and third transmit channels associated with the first and third antenna elements, respectively, and storing the phase calibration offset.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the calculating includes determining a measured phase difference between the first interrogation signal received at the second antenna element and the second interrogation signal received at the second antenna element.