Distance/ranging determination using relative phase data

• US 7,580,378 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2005
• Issued: 08/25/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: RUIZHANG TECHNOLOGY LIMITED COMPANY
• Original Assignee: Alien Technology Corporation
• Inventors: Price, John M., Carrender, Curtis Lee
• Primary Examiner(s): Duong; Frank
• Application Number:
  US11/080,379
• Publication Number:
  US 20050237953A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,625 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/278
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/84 for distance determination by phase measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/14 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

Abstract

A method and system for locating an RF transponder based on phase differences between signals received from the RF transponder. The method includes receiving a signal from the transponder and calculating distance, relative movement, and position by comparing I-Q phase angle vectors of the signals. Global scroll commands can be used following receipt of signals at first and second frequencies to quickly determine distance.

Claims

1. A method of determining distance between a signal source and a multi-channel signal receiver, the method comprising:

obtaining successive readings on each of a plurality of different channels of the multi-channel receiver of a signal transmitted from the signal source;

measuring phase information from the readings of the plurality of different channels on the successive readings to generate measured phase information; and

determining a relationship between the receiver and the signal source by using the measured phase information, the relationship comprising actual distance between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein obtaining successive readings of the signal comprises obtaining successive readings in one from among time, frequency, and relative distance between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a relationship comprises using one from among antennae vectoring, multiple antennas, and characteristics of an antenna pattern.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a relationship comprises determining a vector to the signal source.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein determining a relationship comprises determining whether the signal source is moving towards or away from the multi-channel receiver.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein determining a relationship comprises determining if a multi-path null has occurred in order to decide whether to use or not use another method in determining the actual distance.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein determining a relationship comprises determining a position of the signal source and using relative phase information in conjunction with at least one from among a null in either direction, field strength estimation, backscatter intensity, and ramping power to the signal source to determine relative distance.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein determining a relationship comprises determining a relative field in front of an antenna of the multi-channel receiver by having a signal source of known position modulate a signal to the multichannel receiver or by having an antenna of known position modulate a signal to the multi-channel receiver.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the signal source comprises an RFID tag powered by a UHF signal at a single frequency at a time where a lower power signal that is spread spectrum in nature or that is UWB is used to obtain data regarding quadrature nulls in the signal received from the signal source in order to determine at least one from among actual distance between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver, and a position of the signal source, a change in actual distance, and a change in the position of the signal source.

10. A radio frequency communication system comprising:

a multi-channel receiver configured to receive a signal transmitted from a signal source, the receiver configured to determine a relationship between the multi-channel receiver and the signal source by using measured phase information relative between each of multiple different channels of the multi-channel receiver taken with two or more successive readings of the signal on each of the multiple different channels of the multi-channel receiver, the relationship comprising actual distance.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the receiver is configured to obtain two or more successive readings in at least one from among time, frequency, and relative distance between the signal source and the receiver.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the receiver is configured to determine actual distance by using the phase information with at least one from among antenna vectoring, multiple antennas, and characteristics of an antenna pattern.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the receiver is configured to determine a vector to the signal source by using the phase information.

14. The system of claim 11 wherein the receiver is configured to determine if the signal source is moving towards or away from the receiver by using the phase information.

15. The system of claim 11 wherein the receiver is configured to determine if a multi-path null has occurred in order to decide whether to use or not use another method in determining the actual distance.

16. The system of claim 11 wherein the receiver is configured to use relative phase information in conjunction with at least one from among a null in either direction, field strength estimation, backscatter intensity, and ramping power to the signal source to determine a relative distance between the signal source and the receiver.

17. The system of claim 11 wherein the receiver is configured to determine a relative field in front of an antenna of the receiver by having a signal source of known position modulate a signal to the multi-channel receiver or by having an antenna of known position modulate a signal to the multi-channel.

18. The system of claim 11 wherein the signal source comprises an RFID tag powered by a UHF signal at a single frequency at a time where a lower power signal that is spread spectrum in nature or that is UWB is used to obtain data regarding quadrature nulls in the signal received from the signal source in order to determine at least one from among actual distance between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver, and a position of the signal source, a change in actual distance, and a change in the position of the signal source.

19. A method of determining distance between a radio frequency signal source and a multi-channel receiver, comprising:

receiving at the multi-channel receiver a radio frequency signal transmitted from the signal source;

determining a change in phase angle relationship between a base band in-phase signal measured at a first channel of the multi-channel receiver and a quadrature signal measured at a second channel of the multi-channel receiver, each measurement obtained from the received radio frequency signal on each of the first and second channels of the multi-channel receiver; and

calculating a distance between the signal source and the receiver in response to the determined change in phase angle relationship.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein determining a change in the phase angle relationship comprises measuring change in a vector of the phase angle relationship.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein measuring the change in the vector comprises measuring a change in a magnitude and direction of rotation of the determined phase angle relationship.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the determined phase angle relationship comprises in-phase and quadrature vectors and calculating the distance comprises comparing the angles of the in-phase and quadrature vectors at two different frequencies.

23. A method of determining a positional relationship between a radio frequency signal source and a multi-channel receiver, comprising:

receiving at the multi-channel receiver a first signal from the signal source that is at a first frequency;

issuing a first global scroll command to obtain a first I-Q signal vector;

receiving at the multi-channel receiver a second signal from the signal source that is at a second frequency;

issuing a second global scroll command to obtain a second I-Q signal vector; and

comparing the first and second I-Q vectors and calculating the positional relationship distance between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein issuing the first and second global scroll commands comprises issuing a masked scroll command.

25. A system, comprising:

a variable frequency signal source that produces a first signal at a first frequency and a second signal at a second frequency;

a multi-channel receiver for receiving the first and second signals and for determining a positional relationship between the signal source and the multi-channel receiver, the multi-channel receiver comprising means for comparing a change in vectors of I-Q phases obtained from two or more different channels of the multi-channel receiver of the first and second signals.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the positional relationship comprises at least one from among distance, relative movement, and position.