Laser and environmental monitoring system

• US 7,583,710 B2
• Filed: 07/02/2004
• Issued: 09/01/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/30/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Original Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Inventors: Comstock, Matthew, Lozovoy, Vadim V, Dantus, Marcos
• Primary Examiner(s): FORDE, DELMA ROSA
• Application Number:
  US10/884,798
• Publication Number:
  US 20050021243A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,887 Days
• Field of Search: 372/9, 372/22, 372/25, 702 19- 22
• US Class Current: 372/25
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02014 by using pulsed light
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02091 Tomographic interferometers, e.g. based on optical coherence
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 49/162 Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 49/164 Laser desorption/ionisation, e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation [MALDI] sample holders H01J49/0418
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0057 Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping soliton generation and propagation G02F1/3513, H01S3/063 and H01S3/108

Abstract

A laser and monitoring system is provided. In another aspect of the present invention, the system includes a laser, pulse shaper and detection device. A further aspect of the present invention employs a femtosecond laser and binary pulse shaping (BPS). Still another aspect of the present invention uses a laser beam pulse, a pulse shaper and a SHG crystal. In yet another aspect of the present invention, a multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (hereinafter “MIIPS”) method is used to characterize the spectral phase of femtosecond laser pulses and to correct them. A further aspect of the system of the present invention is employed to monitor environmental chemicals and biological agents, including toxins, explosives, and diseases.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a) a laser operable to emit a laser beam pulse;

b) a pulse shaper operable to shape the laser beam pulse;

c) a detector operable to receive the shaped pulse and detect characteristics of an environmental agent;

d) a controller connected to the detector determining if the agent is harmful in response to the detected characteristics; and

e) multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan software being used for pulse characterization and compensation, the software comprising instructions operable causing multiphoton intrapulse interference to be created in the laser beam pulse.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a building ventilation system coupled to the detector.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the detector is coupled to multiple zones of the building ventilation system, and the controller automatically and selectively determines if any of a variety of the harmful agents are present in each building area separated by the zones.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the laser beam shaper employs two phase values separated by π

.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the laser beam pulse shaper includes at least one collimating optic and a grating.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein a bandwidth of the laser is dispersed across at least a majority of pixels of a phase modulator of the pulse shaper.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the agent is a chemical molecule.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the agent is a biological pathogen.

9. The system of claim 1 further comprising a security checkpoint unit located adjacent a movable item, the detector being coupled to the checkpoint unit, and the detector and controller operably determining if an undesired agent is present on the movable item, wherein the agent is an explosive.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the agent is a human breathable disease.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller automatically varies a sampling rate of the detector depending upon the determination results.

12. The system of claim 1 further comprising a countermeasure procedure being automatically initiated by the controller in order to reduce harmful effects of the harmful agent, if presence of the agent is automatically determined.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein the detector is a mass spectrometer and the laser pulse is of a duration less than about 50 femtoseconds.

46. The system of claim 1 further comprising memory containing a library of characteristics of acceptable and undesirable environmental airborne specimens, the software instructions comparing the real-time sensed characteristics to those stored in the memory.

51. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller positively identifies the previously unknown agent, if the agent is determined to be harmful.

14. A system comprising:

(a) a building including a ventilation system;

(b) a laser and detection device coupled to the ventilation system; and

(c) a controller connected to and operating the laser and detection device;

(d) the laser and detection device repetitively receiving air samples from the ventilation system and the controller determining if an undesirable agent is present;

(e) the controller automatically enacting a countermeasure to reduce the harmfulness if the undesirable agent in the building;

the controller including software instructions operably causing multiphoton intrapulse interference to be created in the laser beam pulse and

(f) memory containing a library of acceptable background environmental specimens and undesirable environmental specimens, the controller including software instructions which compares the detected characteristics to those stored in the memory.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the controller automatically monitors multiple discrete areas within the building.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller automatically determines if the agent is moving between the discrete areas.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller automatically changes the operation of the ventilation system to isolate contaminated ones of the discrete areas.

18. The system of claim 14 wherein the countermeasure further comprises automatically venting the agent to the atmosphere external to the building.

19. The system of claim 14 wherein the countermeasure further comprises automatically closing a door in the building.

20. The system of claim 14 wherein the countermeasure further comprises automatically flowing water into the building.

21. The system of claim 14 wherein the countermeasure further comprises automatically injecting at least one of:

a neutralizing agent and antidote, of the agent into the building.

22. The system of claim 14 wherein the laser and detection device further comprises a pulse shaper operably varying a characteristic of the laser beam pulse emitted by the laser.

23. The system of claim 14 wherein the laser and detection device further comprises a mass spectrometer operably detecting a mass spectrum of the agent.

24. The system of claim 14 wherein the laser beam pulse has duration of less than about 50 femtoseconds and is emitted upon the agent monitored in the device.

48. The system of claim 14 wherein the controller positively identifies the previously unknown agent, if the agent is determined to be harmful.

25. A system comprising:

a) a laser operable to emit a laser beam pulse;

b) a pulse shaper operable to shape the laser beam pulse;

c) a detector, located adjacent a building ventilation system, operable to receive the shaped pulse and detect characteristics of an environmental agent in the building ventilation system;

d) a controller connected to the detector and determining a characteristic of the agent, the controller also being connected to the laser for assisting in controlling emission of the laser beam pulse therefrom, the controller including software instructions operably causing multiphoton intrapulse interference to be created in the laser beam pulse; and

e) memory containing a library of acceptable background environmental specimens and undesirable environmental specimens, the controller including software which compares the real-time detected characteristics to those stored in the memory.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein the detector is coupled to multiple zones of the building ventilation system, and the controller automatically and selectively determines if any of a variety of the harmful agents are present in each building area separated by the zones.

27. The system of claim 25 further comprising evolutionary learning calculations used to identify the agent.

28. The system of claim 25 further comprising multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan used for pulse characterization and compensation.

29. The system of claim 25 wherein the agent is a chemical molecule.

30. The system of claim 25 wherein the agent is a biological pathogen.

31. The system of claim 25 wherein the agent is a human breathable disease.

32. The system of claim 25 wherein the controller automatically varies a sampling rate of the detector depending upon the determination results.

33. The system of claim 25 further comprising a countermeasure procedure being automatically initiated by the controller in order to reduce harmful effects of the agent, if presence of the agent is automatically determined.

34. The system of claim 25 wherein the detector is a mass spectrometer and the laser pulse is of a duration less than about 50 femtoseconds.

49. The system of claim 25 wherein the controller positively identifies the previously unknown agent, if the agent is determined to be harmful.

35. A system comprising:

(a) a laser operable to emit laser pulses at an environmental airborne specimen;

(b) a sensor sensing characteristics of the airborne specimen due to reception of at least one of the pulses by the airborne specimen;

(c) a controller having programmed software instructions which automatically determine if the airborne specimen is an acceptable chemical or an undesirable agent, and

(d) memory containing a library of characteristics of acceptable and undesirable environmental airborne specimens, the software instructions comparing the real-time sensed characteristics to those stored in the memory; and

(e) the software comprising instructions operable causing multiphoton intrapulse interference to be created in the laser beam pulse and controlling multiphoton intrapulse interference in at least one of the pulse.

36. The system of claim 35 further comprising a building ventilation system coupled to the sensor.

37. The system of claim 36 wherein the sensor is coupled to multiple zones of the building ventilation system, and the controller automatically and selectively determines if any of a variety of harmful agents are present in each building area separated by the zones.

38. The system of claim 35 wherein the software instructions further comprise evolutionary learning calculations which are used to identify the agent.

40. The system of claim 35 wherein the agent is a chemical molecule.

41. The system of claim 35 wherein the agent is a biological pathogen.

42. The system of claim 35 wherein the agent is a human breathable disease.

43. The system of claim 35 wherein the controller automatically varies a sampling rate of the sensor depending upon the determination results.

44. The system of claim 35 further comprising countermeasure software instructions being automatically initiated by the controller in order to reduce harmful effects of the harmful agent, if presence of the agent is automatically determined.

45. The system of claim 35 wherein the sensor is a mass spectrometer and at least one of the laser pulses is of a duration less than about 50 femtoseconds.

50. The system of claim 35 wherein the controller positively identifies the previously unknown agent, if the agent is determined to be harmful.

39. A system comprising:

(a) a laser operable to emit laser pulses at an environmental airborne specimen;

(b) a sensor sensing characteristics of the airborne specimen due to reception of at least one of the pulses by the airborne specimen;

(c) a controller having programmed software instructions which automatically determine if the airborne specimen is an acceptable chemical or an undesirable agent; and

(d) the software instructions cause multiphoton intrapulse interference to be created in the laser beam pulse, which are used for pulse characterization and compensation.

47. The system of claim 39 wherein the controller positively identifies the previously unknown agent, if the agent is determined to be harmful.