Electric power conversion apparatus for plural DC voltage sources and an AC electrical load

• US 7,586,768 B2
• Filed: 12/20/2006
• Issued: 09/08/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Yoshimoto, Kantaro
• Primary Examiner(s): Sterrett; Jeffrey L
• Application Number:
  US11/641,938
• Publication Number:
  US 20070194746A1
• Time in Patent Office: 993 Days
• Field of Search: 307/43, 307/75, 307/80, 307/81, 363/43, 363/71, 363/98, 363/132, 363/142
• US Class Current: 363/71
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/30 for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/483 Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53875 with analogue control of three-phase output
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

An electric power conversion apparatus includes a power converter connected to at least a first DC voltage source, a second DC voltage source and an AC electric motor. A control unit controls the power converter to generate a first PWM pulse train for supplying a first output voltage pulse train from the first DC voltage source to the AC electric motor and a second PWM pulse train for supplying a second output voltage pulse train from the second DC voltage source to the load in such a manner to form a pulse continuous in time in a final output voltage at least from each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and a subsequent pulse of the second output voltage pulse train. A current path is provided constantly from the AC electric motor to at least one of the DC voltage sources.

Claims

1. An electric power conversion apparatus comprising:

a power converter adapted to be electrically connected to at least a first DC voltage source, a second DC voltage source and an AC electrical load, and configured to generate an individual output voltage pulse train from an output voltage of each of the DC voltage sources in accordance with a switch drive signal set, to synthesize a final output voltage from the individual output voltage pulse trains, and to drive the load with the final output voltage; and

a power-converter control unit configured to control the switch drive signal set, the power-converter control unit including a PWM pulse generation section configured to perform the following;

comparing a voltage command value with a PWM carrier for each of the DC voltage sources; and

generating based on the comparison a first PWM pulse train for supplying a first output voltage pulse train from the first DC voltage source to the load and a second PWM pulse train for supplying a second output voltage pulse train from the second DC voltage source to the load in such a manner to form a pulse continuous in time in the final output voltage at least from each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and a subsequent pulse of the second output voltage pulse train,

wherein;

the power converter includes a plurality of phase sections;

each of the phase sections includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a contact connected to the load, and connects the DC voltage sources in parallel;

the second switch is connected between a first pole of the first DC voltage source and the contact;

the third switch is connected between a first pole of the second DC voltage source and the contact;

the first switch is connected between the contact and a set of second poles of the DC voltage sources; and

the power-converter control unit controls the switch drive signal set in such a manner that a first period when the first switch is in an ON state, a second period when the second switch is in an ON state, and a third period when the third switch is in an ON state, are prevented from overlapping with each other, and the second period is continuous with the third period.

2. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to provide a constant current path from the load to at least one of the DC voltage sources.

3. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power converter includes the first switch whose ON state allows a current from the first DC voltage source to the load and the second switch whose ON state allows a current from the second DC voltage source to the load, and wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to control the first and second switches in such a manner that at least one of the first and second switches is in the ON state during switching operation between the DC voltage sources.

4. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to perform the following:

storing information concerning a first PWM carrier used to generate the first PWM pulse train, the first PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform;

storing information concerning a second PWM carrier used to generate the second PWM pulse train, the second PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform which is symmetrical to and identical in phase with the sawtooth waveform of the first PWM carrier; and

providing a short-circuit prevention period for rise of each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and for fall of each pulse of the second output voltage pulse train in such a manner to prevent a short circuit between electric poles having different electric potentials.

5. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to perform the following:

storing information concerning a first PWM carrier used to generate the first PWM pulse train, the first PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform;

storing information concerning a second PWM carrier used to generate the second PWM pulse train, the second PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform symmetrical to the sawtooth waveform of the first PWM carrier; and

providing a short-circuit prevention period for rise of each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and for fall of each pulse of the second output voltage pulse train in such a manner to prevent a short circuit between electric poles having different electric potentials, and

wherein the sawtooth waveform of the second PWM carrier has a phase shift with respect to the sawtooth waveform of the first PWM carrier, the phase shift being set in accordance with the short-circuit prevention period in such a manner that each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train overlaps in time with a subsequent pulse of the second output voltage pulse train.

6. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to perform the following:

storing information concerning a first PWM carrier used to generate the first PWM pulse train, the first PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform;

storing information concerning a second PWM carrier used to generate the second PWM pulse train, the second PWM carrier having a sawtooth waveform symmetrical to the sawtooth waveform of the first PWM carrier; and

providing a short-circuit prevention period for fall of each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and for rise of each pulse of the second output voltage pulse train in such a manner to prevent a short circuit between electric poles having different electric potentials, and

wherein the sawtooth waveform of the second PWM carrier has a phase shift with respect to the sawtooth waveform of the first PWM carrier, the phase shift being set in accordance with the short-circuit prevention period.

7. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the phase shift is set by adding a further amount corresponding to the short-circuit prevention period in such a manner that each pulse of the first PWM pulse train overlaps in time with a subsequent pulse of the second PWM pulse train.

8. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to perform the following:

storing information concerning a first PWM carrier used to generate the first PWM pulse train, the first PWM carrier having a triangular waveform;

storing information concerning a second PWM carrier used to generate the second PWM pulse train, the second PWM carrier having a triangular waveform; and

providing a short-circuit prevention period for rise of each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and

for rise of each pulse of the second output voltage pulse train in such a manner to prevent a short circuit between electric poles having different electric potentials, and

wherein the triangular waveform of the second PWM carrier has a phase shift with respect to the triangular waveform of the first PWM carrier.

9. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the phase shift is set by adding a further amount corresponding to the short-circuit prevention period in such a manner that each pulse of the first PWM pulse train overlaps in time with a subsequent pulse of the second PWM pulse train.

10. An electric power conversion apparatus, comprising:

a power converter adapted to be electrically connected to at least a first DC voltage source, a second DC voltage source and an AC electrical load, and configured to generate an individual output voltage pulse train from an output voltage of each of the DC voltage sources in accordance with a switch drive signal set, to synthesize a final output voltage from the individual output voltage pulse trains, and to drive the load with the final output voltage; and

a power-converter control unit configured to control the switch drive signal set, the power-converter control unit including a PWM pulse generation section configured to perform the following;

comparing a voltage command value with a PWM carrier for each of the DC voltage sources; and

generating based on the comparison a first PWM pulse train for supplying a first output voltage pulse train from the first DC voltage source to the load and a second PWM pulse train for supplying a second output voltage pulse train from the second DC voltage source to the load in such a manner to form a pulse continuous in time in the final output voltage at least from each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and a subsequent pulse of the second output voltage pulse train,

wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to perform the following;

comparing in magnitude the output voltages of the DC voltage sources;

providing based on the comparison a short-circuit prevention period in such a manner to prevent a short circuit from an electric pole having a higher electric potential to an electric pole having a lower electric potential; and

allowing based on the comparison a short circuit from an electric pole having a lower electric potential to an electric pole having a higher electric potential in such a manner to provide constantly a current path from the load to at least one of the DC voltage sources.

11. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the PWM pulse generation section is configured to provide the short-circuit prevention period in the comparison setting a hysteresis.

12. An electric power conversion apparatus, comprising:

a power converter adapted to be electrically connected to at least a first DC voltage source, a second DC voltage source and a load including an AC electrical load, and configured to generate an individual output voltage pulse train from an output voltage of each of the DC voltage sources in accordance with a switch drive signal set, to synthesize a final output voltage from the individual output voltage pulse trains, and to drive the load with the final output voltage; and

a power-converter control unit configured to control the switch drive signal set, the power-converter control unit including a PWM pulse generation section configured to perform the following;

comparing a voltage command value with a PWM carrier for each of the DC voltage sources; and

generating based on the comparison a first PWM pulse train for supplying a first output voltage pulse train from the first DC voltage source to the load and a second PWM pulse train for supplying a second output voltage pulse train from the second DC voltage source to the load in such a manner to form a pulse continuous in time in the final output voltage at least from each pulse of the first output voltage pulse train and a subsequent pulse of the second output voltage pulse train,

wherein the power-converter control unit is configured to perform the following;

computing a voltage correction value for each of the DC voltage sources based on values of the output voltages of the DC voltage sources and the sign of an associated phase current value; and

correcting a voltage command value allocated to each of the DC voltage sources by adding the voltage correction value.

13. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the power-converter control unit is configured to perform the following:

computing a basic voltage correction value for each of the DC voltage sources based on a length of a short-circuit prevention period provided to prevent a short circuit, a frequency of the PWM pulse trains, and the values of the output voltages of the DC voltage sources;

setting the voltage correction value to a positive value corresponding to the basic voltage correction value for each of the DC voltage sources when the sign of the associated phase current value is positive;

setting the voltage correction value to the positive value corresponding to the basic voltage correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is higher when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative;

setting the voltage correction value to a negative value corresponding to the basic voltage correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is lower when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative; and

correcting the voltage command value of each of the DC voltage sources by adding the computed voltage correction value.

14. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the power-converter control unit is configured to perform the following:

setting the voltage correction value for each of the DC voltage sources to a predetermined value in accordance with the sign of the associated phase current value and a relationship in magnitude between the output voltages of the DC voltage sources; and

correcting the voltage command value of each of the DC voltage sources by adding the set voltage correction value.

15. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the power-converter control unit is configured to perform the following:

computing a basic modulation factor correction value for each of the DC voltage sources based on the values of the output voltages of the DC voltage sources and the sign of the associated phase current value, a length of a short-circuit prevention period provided to prevent a short circuit, and a frequency of the PWM pulse trains;

setting a modulation factor correction value to a positive value corresponding to the basic modulation factor correction value for each of the DC voltage sources when the sign of the associated phase current value is positive;

setting the modulation factor correction value to the positive value corresponding to the basic modulation factor correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is higher when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative;

setting the modulation factor correction value to a negative value corresponding to the basic modulation factor correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is lower when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative; and

correcting a modulation factor command value allocated to each of the DC voltage sources by adding the computed modulation factor correction value, the modulation factor command value being a value obtained by normalizing the voltage command value of each of the DC voltage sources by the value of the output voltage of each of the DC voltage sources.

16. The electric power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the power-converter control unit is configured to perform the following:

setting a modulation factor correction value for each of the DC voltage sources to a predetermined positive value when the sign of the associated phase current value is positive;

setting the modulation factor correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is higher to the predetermined positive value when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative;

setting the modulation factor correction value for one of the DC voltage sources whose output voltage is lower to a predetermined negative value when the sign of the associated phase current value is negative; and

correcting a modulation factor command value allocated to each of the DC voltage sources by adding the computed modulation factor correction value, the modulation factor command value being a value obtained by normalizing the voltage command value of each of the DC voltage sources by the value of the output voltage of each of the DC voltage sources.