Efficient front end memory arrangement to support parallel bit node and check node processing in LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) decoders

• US 7,587,659 B2
• Filed: 06/30/2005
• Issued: 09/08/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Shen, Ba-Zhong, Tran, Hau Thien, Cameron, Kelly Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Torres; Joseph D
• Application Number:
  US11/171,727
• Publication Number:
  US 20050262421A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,531 Days
• Field of Search: 714/794, 714/758
• US Class Current: 714/794
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/1137 Partly parallel processing, i.e. sub-blocks or sub-groups of nodes being processed in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/1165 QC-LDPC codes as defined for the digital video broadcasting [DVB] specifications, e.g. DVB-Satellite [DVB-S2]
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/6563 Implementations using multi-port memories

Abstract

Efficient front end memory arrangement to support parallel bit node and check node processing in LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) decoders. A novel approach is presented by which the front end design of device capable to decode LDPC coded signals facilitates parallel decoding processing of the LDPC coded signal. The implementation of the front end memory management in conjunction with the implementation of a metric generator operate cooperatively lend themselves for very efficient parallel decoding processing of LDPC coded signals. There are several embodiments by which the front end memory management and the metric generator may be implemented to facilitate this parallel decoding processing of LDPC coded signals. This also allows for the decoding of variable code rate and/or variable modulation signals whose code rate and/or modulation varies as frequently as on a block by block basis (e.g., a block may include a group of symbols within a frame).

Claims

1. A decoder that is operable to decode an LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) coded signal, the decoder comprising:

a controller that provides a modulation/code signal indicating at least one of a respective code rate and a respective modulation corresponding to each respective symbol of the LDPC coded signal, each symbol of the LDPC signal having a respective in-phase (I) value, a respective quadrature (Q) value, and a respective signal to noise ratio;

a metric generator circuitry that includes a symbol metric calculator circuitry and a bit metric calculator circuitry, wherein;

the symbol metric calculator circuitry, coupled to the controller, processes a respective symbol'"'"'s I value using a respective plurality of predetermined I coefficients and processes the respective symbol'"'"'s Q value using a respective plurality of predetermined Q coefficients selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of symbol metrics corresponding to the respective symbol;

the bit metric calculator circuitry, coupled to the symbol metric calculator circuitry and to the controller, includes a plurality of min* (min-star) processing circuitries, that processes the plurality of symbol metrics corresponding to the respective symbol thereby generating a respective plurality of bit metrics based on the modulation/code signal;

a plurality of macro circuitries, coupled to the bit metric calculator circuitry, such that each of the plurality of macro circuitries includes;

a corresponding metric memory that performs dual port memory management on respective pluralities of bit metrics; and

a corresponding plurality of bit/check processor circuitries that employs at least one respective plurality of bit metrics to update bit edge messages and check edge messages; and

a hard limiter, coupled to the plurality of macro circuitries, that generates a hard decision corresponding to at least one bit encoded within the LDPC coded signal based on a most recently updated plurality of bit edge messages.

2. The decoder of claim 1, wherein:

the symbol metric calculator circuitry further includes;

a plurality of I summing circuitries that is operable to sum an I value corresponding to a symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined I coefficient of a respective plurality of predetermined I coefficients that is selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of I sums;

a plurality of Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum a Q value corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined Q coefficient of a respective plurality of predetermined Q coefficients that is selected based on modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of Q sums;

a plurality of I squaring circuitries that is operable to square each I sum of the plurality of I sums thereby generating a plurality of squared I sums;

a plurality of Q squaring circuitries that is operable to square each Q sum of the plurality of Q sums thereby generating a plurality of squared Q sums;

a square output multiplexor that is operable to receive the plurality of squared I sums and the plurality of squared Q sums and is operable to output a plurality of I outputs and a plurality of Q outputs based on the modulation/code signal

a plurality of I, Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum each I output of the plurality of I outputs with a corresponding Q output of the plurality of Q outputs from the square output multiplexor thereby generating a plurality of I, Q outputs; and

a plurality of variance scaling circuitries that is operable to scale the plurality of I, Q outputs based on a signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal thereby generating a plurality of symbol metrics corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal.

3. The decoder of claim 1, wherein:

the symbol metric calculator circuitry further includes;

a plurality of I summing circuitries that is operable to sum the an I value corresponding to a symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined I coefficient of a respective plurality of predetermined I coefficients that is selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of I sums;

a plurality of Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum a Q value corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined Q coefficient of a respective plurality of predetermined Q coefficients that is selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of Q sums;

a plurality of sigma scaling circuitries that is operable to scale an absolute value of each I sum of the plurality of I sums and an absolute value of each Q sum of the plurality of Q sums based on a signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal thereby generating a plurality of scaled I sums and a scaled plurality of scaled Q sums, respectively;

a plurality of I absolute value and squaring circuitries that is operable to square an absolute value of each scaled I sum of the plurality of scaled I sums thereby generating a plurality of squared I sums;

a plurality of Q absolute value and squaring circuitries that is operable to square an absolute value of each scaled Q sum of the plurality of scaled Q sums thereby generating a plurality of squared Q sums;

a square output multiplexor that is operable to receive the plurality of squared I sums and the plurality of squared Q sums and is operable to output a plurality of I outputs and a plurality of Q outputs based on the modulation/code signal;

a plurality of I, Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum each I output of the plurality of I outputs with a corresponding Q output of the plurality of Q outputs from the square output multiplexor thereby generating a plurality of I, Q outputs that includes a plurality of symbol metrics corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal.

4. The decoder of claim 1, wherein:

the symbol metric calculator circuitry further includes;

an I sigma scaling circuitry that is operable to scale an I value corresponding to a symbol of the LDPC coded signal based on a signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal thereby generating a scaled I value;

a Q sigma scaling circuitry that is operable to scale a Q value corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal based on the signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal thereby generating a scaled Q value;

a plurality of I summing circuitries that is operable to sum the scaled I value corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined, scaled I coefficient of a plurality of predetermined, scaled I coefficients that is scaled based on the signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal and that is selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of I sums;

a plurality of Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum the scaled Q value corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal with each predetermined, scaled Q coefficient of a plurality of predetermined, scaled Q coefficients that is scaled based on the signal to noise ratio of the symbol of the LDPC coded signal and that is selected based on the modulation/code signal thereby generating a plurality of Q sums;

a plurality of I absolute value and squaring circuitries that is operable to square an absolute value of each I sum of the plurality of I sums thereby generating a plurality of squared I sums;

a plurality of Q absolute value and squaring circuitries that is operable to square an absolute value of each Q sum of the plurality of Q sums thereby generating a plurality of squared Q sums;

a square output multiplexor that is operable to receive the plurality of squared I sums and the plurality of squared Q sums and is operable to output a plurality of I outputs and a plurality of Q outputs based on the modulation/code signal;

a plurality of I, Q summing circuitries that is operable to sum each I output of the plurality of I outputs with a corresponding Q output of the plurality of Q outputs from the square output multiplexor thereby generating a plurality of I, Q outputs that includes a plurality of symbol metrics corresponding to the symbol of the LDPC coded signal.

5. The decoder of claim 1, wherein:

at least one corresponding metric memory within at least one macro circuitry is a ping-pong memory structure that includes two separate metric memories.

6. The decoder of claim 1, wherein:

at least one corresponding metric memory within at least one macro circuitry is a pseudo dual port metric memory.

7. The decoder of claim 1, further comprising:

a barrel shifter, coupled to each corresponding metric memory within the plurality of macro circuitries, that is operative to shift at least one of the bit edge messages and check edge messages.

8. The decoder of claim 1, further comprising:

a barrel shifter, coupled to one corresponding plurality of bit/check processor circuitries within one of the plurality of macro circuitries, that is operative to shift at least one of the bit edge messages and check edge messages; and

a message passing memory, coupled to the barrel shifter and the plurality of bit/check processor circuitries within the one of the plurality of macro circuitries, that is operative to store the barrel shifted at least one of the bit edge messages and check edge messages.

9. The decoder of claim 1, further comprising:

a syndrome calculator, coupled to the hard limiter, that processes a plurality of hard decisions generated by the hard limiter to determine if all syndromes of an LDPC code by which the LDPC coded signal is generated are equal to zero.

10. The decoder of claim 1, further comprising:

a static random access memory (SRAM) that stores the estimate of the at least one bit encoded within the LDPC coded signal that is generated by the hard limiter.