Single stage integrated boost inverter motor drive circuit

• US 7,589,986 B2
• Filed: 04/16/2007
• Issued: 09/15/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Infineon Technologies Americas Corp. (Infineon Technologies AG)
• Original Assignee: International Rectifier Corporation (Infineon Technologies AG)
• Inventors: Bocchiola, Cesare
• Primary Examiner(s): Ullah; Akm E
• Assistant Examiner(s): BEHM, HARRY RAYMOND
• Application Number:
  US11/735,616
• Publication Number:
  US 20070247123A1
• Time in Patent Office: 883 Days
• Field of Search: 363/98, 363/132, 363/40, 363/41, 363/89, 363/95, 363/131, 323/222, 323/225, 323/267, 323/268, 323/271
• US Class Current: 363/98
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0095 Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1584 with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5387 in a bridge configuration

Abstract

An integrated boost inverter circuit including at least one inverter stage having series connected high- and low-side switches having a common node. Each switch having an anti-parallel connected diode connected across the switch, which diode can be an external diode or an internal body diode of the switch; at least one inductor connectable in series between a voltage source and the node of the at least one inverter stage; a bulk capacitor connected across the at least one inverter stage; and a load being connectable to the node of the at least one inverter stage, wherein at every switching cycle, when the low-side switch of the at least one inverter stage turns-ON the respective at least one inductor is charged and when the low-side switch turns-OFF, the current in the respective at least one inductor re-circulates through the anti-parallel connected diode of the high-side switch into the bulk capacitor.

Claims

1. An integrated boost inverter circuit comprising:

three parallel connected inverter stages, each inverter stage comprising

series connected high- and low-side switches each having a respective common node, each switch having an anti-parallel connected diode connected across the switch, which diode can be an external diode or an internal body diode of the switch; and

a respective inductor connected in series between a voltage source and the respective common node of a respective inverter stage and directly connected to the respective common node;

a bulk capacitor connected across the three inverter stages and being charged with input current from the voltage source that flows only through the respective inductor of each of the three inverter stages; and

a load connection for a three phase motor with each phase connectable to the respective common node of the respective inverter stage, the three inverter stages being controlled to commutate the three phase motor and sharing the input current drawn from the voltage source,

wherein at every switching cycle, when the low-side switch of an inverter stage turns-ON the respective inductor is charged and when the low-side switch turns-OFF, the current in the respective inductor re-circulates through the anti-parallel connected diode of the high-side switch into the bulk capacitor;

wherein an output voltage is common to the three inverter stages and is calculated in accordance with

Vo_z;

=max(Vo1_z,Vo2_z,Vo3_z), where

$\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>1_z};<br><br><br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>2_z};<br><br><br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>3_z},$

where d1, d2, and d3 are functions for calculating a modulation type selected from one of the square wave modulation, Space Vector PWM (SVM), and sinusoidal modulation;

wherein three voltages of the selected modulation type are created and 120°

phase shifted between each of the three inverter stages to appear at the motor'"'"'s terminals, a constant modulation index (Mi) provides a maximum duty cycle for applying to the common node of each of the three inverter stages; and

wherein when the SVM is selected, the at least one inverter stage is PWM modulated such that an average voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is an amplified sinusoidal voltage plus a small amount of third harmonic.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the modulation is 120°

ON pure sinusoid modulation with 20% third harmonic injection used with trapezoidal BEMF permanent magnet motors.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein increases in Mi automatically effect increase in voltage across the bulk capacitor and average voltage across the motor and reduce switching losses across the high- and low-side switches.

4. An integrated boost inverter circuit comprising:

three parallel connected inverter stages, each inverter stage comprising

series connected high- and low-side switches each having a respective common node, each switch having an anti-parallel connected diode connected across the switch, which diode can be an external diode or an internal body diode of the switch; and

a respective inductor connected in series between a voltage source and the respective common node of a respective inverter stage and directly connected to the respective common node;

a bulk capacitor connected across the three inverter stages and being charged with input current from the voltage source that flows only through the respective inductor of each of the three inverter stages; and

a load connection for a three phase motor with each phase connectable to the respective common node of the respective inverter stage, the three inverter stages being controlled to commutate the three phase motor and sharing the input current drawn from the voltage source,

wherein at every switching cycle, when the low-side switch of an inverter stage turns-ON the respective inductor is charged and when the low-side switch turns-OFF, the current in the respective inductor re-circulates through the anti-parallel connected diode of the high-side switch into the bulk capacitor;

wherein an output voltage is common to the three inverter stages and is calculated in accordance with

${\mathrm{Vo}}_z;<br><br>=\max <br><br><br><br>\left(\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z\right),\mathrm{where}<br><br><br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>1_z};<br><br>$ $\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>2_z};<br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>3_z},$

where d1, d2, and d3 are functions for calculating a modulation type selected from one of the square wave modulation, Space Vector PWM (SVM), and sinusoidal modulation;

wherein three voltages of the selected modulation type are created and 120°

phase shifted between each of the three inverter stages to appear at the motor'"'"'s terminals, a constant modulation index (Mi) provides a maximum duty cycle for applying to the common node of each of the three inverter stages; and

wherein a voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is a product of the DC voltage on the bulk capacitor and the modulation is calculated in accordance with

d1_z;

=0.5+0.5·

Mi·

sign(sin(ω

m·

t_z)),

$d<br><br><br><br>2_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\mathrm{sign}<br><br><br><br>\left(\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{2}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)\right),$

$d<br><br><br><br>3_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\mathrm{sign}<br><br><br><br>\left(\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{4}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)\right)$

for square wave modulation.

5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein each of the inverter stages manages about one third of the total input power.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein an added stress imposed on the respective high- and low-side switches controlling the motor phase currents is negligible.

7. The circuit of claim 4, wherein when the square wave modulation is selected, the at least one inverter stage is PWM modulated such that an average voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is a square wave of a different, selectable amplitude.

8. The circuit of claim 4, wherein when the sinusoidal modulation is selected, the at least one inverter stage is PWM modulated such that an average voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is a sinusoidal voltage.

9. An integrated boost inverter circuit comprising:

three parallel connected inverter stages, each inverter stage comprising

series connected high- and low-side switches each having a respective common node, each switch having an anti-parallel connected diode connected across the switch, which diode can be an external diode or an internal body diode of the switch; and

a respective inductor connected in series between a voltage source and the respective common node of a respective inverter stage and directly connected to the respective common node;

a bulk capacitor connected across the three inverter stages and being charged with input current from the voltage source that flows only through the respective inductor of each of the three inverter stages; and

a load connection for a three phase motor with each phase connectable to the respective common node of the respective inverter stage, the three inverter stages being controlled to commutate the three phase motor and sharing the input current drawn from the voltage source,

wherein at every switching cycle, when the low-side switch of an inverter stage turns-ON the respective inductor is charged and when the low-side switch turns-OFF, the current in the respective inductor re-circulates through the anti-parallel connected diode of the high-side switch into the bulk capacitor;

wherein an output voltage is common to the three inverter stages and is calculated in accordance with

${\mathrm{Vo}}_z;<br><br>=\max <br><br><br><br>\left(\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z\right),\mathrm{where}<br><br><br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>1_z};<br><br>$ $\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>2_z};<br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>3_z},$

where d1, d2, and d3 are functions for calculating a modulation type selected from one of the square wave modulation, Space Vector PWM (SVM), and sinusoidal modulation;

wherein three voltages of the selected modulation type are created and 120°

phase shifted between each of the three inverter stages to appear at the motor'"'"'s terminals, a constant modulation index (Mi) provides a maximum duty cycle for applying to the common node of each of the three inverter stages; and

wherein a voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is a product of the DC voltage on the bulk capacitor and the modulation is calculated in accordance with

d1_z;

=0.5+0.5·

Mi·

sin(ω

m·

t_z)·

1.1546+0.19620.5·

Mi·

sin(3·

ω

m·

t_z),

$d<br><br><br><br>2_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{2}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)·<br><br>1.1546+0.19620<br><br>\mathrm{.5}·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(3·<br><br>\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z\right),<br><br>d<br><br><br><br>3_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{4}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)·<br><br>1.1546+0.19620<br><br>\mathrm{.5}·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(3·<br><br>\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z\right),$

for sinusoidal modulation and SVM, where 1.1546 and 0.1962 are coefficients from the equivalent effect performed by SVM, and in case of purely sinusoidal modulation, the coefficient 1.1546 becomes 1 and the coefficient for the third harmonic becomes zero.

10. An integrated boost inverter circuit comprising:

three parallel connected inverter stages, each inverter stage comprising

series connected high- and low-side switches each having a respective common node, each switch having an anti-parallel connected diode connected across the switch, which diode can be an external diode or an internal body diode of the switch; and

a respective inductor connected in series between a voltage source and the respective common node of a respective inverter stage and directly connected to the respective common node;

a bulk capacitor connected across the three inverter stages and being charged with input current from the voltage source that flows only through the respective inductor of each of the three inverter stages; and

a load connection for a three phase motor with each phase connectable to the respective common node of the respective inverter stage, the three inverter stages being controlled to commutate the three phase motor and sharing the input current drawn from the voltage source,

wherein at every switching cycle, when the low-side switch of an inverter stage turns-ON the respective inductor is charged and when the low-side switch turns-OFF, the current in the respective inductor re-circulates through the anti-parallel connected diode of the high-side switch into the bulk capacitor;

wherein an output voltage is common to the three inverter stages and is calculated in accordance with

${\mathrm{Vo}}_z;<br><br>=\max <br><br><br><br>\left(\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z,\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z\right),\mathrm{where}<br><br><br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>1_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>1_z};<br><br>$ $\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>2_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>2_z};<br><br>\mathrm{Vo}<br><br><br><br>3_z;<br><br>=\frac{\mathrm{Vin}}{1-d<br><br><br><br>3_z},$

where d1, d2, and d3 are functions for calculating a modulation type selected from one of the square wave modulation, Space Vector PWM (SVM), and sinusoidal modulation;

wherein three voltages of the selected modulation type are created and 120°

phase shifted between each of the three inverter stages to appear at the motor'"'"'s terminals, a constant modulation index (Mi) provides a maximum duty cycle for applying to the common node of each of the three inverter stages; and

wherein a voltage at the common node of the at least one inverter stage is a product of the DC voltage on the bulk capacitor and the modulation is calculated in accordance with

d1_z;

=0.5+0.5·

Mi·

sin(ω

m·

t_z)·

1+0.2·

0.5·

Mi·

sin(3·

ω

m·

t_z),

$d<br><br><br><br>2_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{2}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)·<br><br>1+0.2·<br><br>0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(3·<br><br>\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z\right),<br><br>d<br><br><br><br>3_z<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}=0.5+0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z+\frac{4}{3}·<br><br>\mathrm{\pi <br><br>}\right)·<br><br>1+0.2·<br><br>0.5·<br><br>\mathrm{Mi}·<br><br>\sin <br><br>\left(3·<br><br>\mathrm{\omega <br><br>}<br><br><br><br>m·<br><br>t_z\right),$

for an improved modulation.