Inkjet printhead with narrow printing zone

• US 7,591,539 B2
• Filed: 08/23/2004
• Issued: 09/22/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Memjet Technology Ltd. (Memjet Limited)
• Original Assignee: Silverbrook Research Pty Limited
• Inventors: Silverbrook, Kia
• Primary Examiner(s): STEPHENS, JUANITA DIONNE
• Application Number:
  US10/922,879
• Publication Number:
  US 20050024435A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,856 Days
• Field of Search: 347/20, 347/54, 347/56, 347 61- 65, 347 67- 68, 347/40, 347 42- 44, 347/12, 347/13, 347/47, 347 70- 72, 60527-529
• US Class Current: 347/54
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/14 Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/14314 Structure of ink jet print heads with electrostatically actuated membrane
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/14427 Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1623 bonding and adhesion
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1626 etching
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1628 dry etching
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1629 wet etching
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1631 photolithography
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1632 machining
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1635 dividing the wafer into individual chips
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1637 molding
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1639 sacrificial molding
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1642 thin film formation by CVD [chemical vapor deposition]
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1643 thin film formation by plating
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1645 thin film formation by spincoating
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1646 thin film formation by sputtering
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/1648 Production of print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/16585 for paper-width or non-reciprocating print heads
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/17513 Inner structure
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/17596 Ink pumps, ink valves
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2002/041 : Electromagnetic transducer
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2002/14346 : Ejection by pressure produced by thermal deformation of ink chamber, e.g. buckling
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2002/14435 : Moving nozzle made of thermal bend detached actuator
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2202/21 : Line printing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/79 : in semiconductor storage media, e.g. directly-addressable memories
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/86 : Secure or tamper-resistant housings
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2221/2129 : Authenticate client device independently of the user
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/121 : by printing code marks applying code marks to labels B65C9/46; marking or coding completed packages B65B61/26
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 : multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 : using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1417 : 2D bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/00 : Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/2628 : Alteration of picture size, shape, position or orientation, e.g. zooming, rotation, rolling, perspective, translation

Abstract

An inkjet printhead that has an array of drop ejection apparatuses formed by lithographic etching and deposition techniques on a first side of a supporting wafer substrate. Each of the drop ejection apparatuses having a chamber with a nozzle and an actuator for ejecting drops of ink through the nozzle. A plurality of ink supply conduits extending through the wafer from a second side of the wafer to the array of drop ejection apparatuses on the first side. The array is configured into adjacent rows of the drop ejection apparatuses and each of the ink supply conduits such that each of the ink supply conduits supplies ink to the drop ejection apparatuses in two adjacent rows. By feeding adjacent rows of nozzle from a common ink supply conduit extending from the back side of the wafer, the rows can be positioned very close together. This makes the array very thin which inherently reduces the width of the print zone. This in turn reduces the need for the media feed system to accurately flatten the media as it passes the printhead. This is particularly advantageous for pagewidth printheads because reducing the width of the print zone in scanning printheads increases the number of scans needed per page which tends to slow the print speed.

Claims

1. An inkjet printhead comprising:

a supporting wafer substrate;

an array of drop ejection apparatuses formed on a first side of the supporting wafer substrate, the array of drop ejection apparatuses configured as pairs of rows of drop ejection apparatuses defining a common ink channel between each pair;

a plurality of ink supply conduits extending through the supporting wafer substrate from a second side of the supporting wafer substrate to respective common ink channels on the first side, wherein,

each of the drop ejection apparatuses has a chamber with a nozzle, and an actuator for ejecting drops of ink through the nozzle, the chamber having a side wall adjacent to the common ink channel,

one of the ink supply conduits supplies ink of a first color to drop ejection apparatuses in a first pair of rows, and another of the ink supply conduits supplies ink of a second color to drop ejection apparatuses in a second pair of rows, and

the side wall adjacent to the common ink channel is adapted to permit ink flow therethrough from the common ink channel into the chamber.

2. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the printhead is pagewidth.

3. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a plurality of the supporting wafer substrates provided in series, thereby extending the pagewidth of the printhead.

4. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises an electrothermal heater positioned for heating ink in said chamber to a temperature above the boiling point of the ink, causing a bubble to form in order to eject a drop of the ink from said nozzle.

5. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises an piezoelectric crystal adapted to expand, shear or bend to apply pressure to the ink, in order to eject drops of the ink from said nozzle.

6. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator has relaxor materials and is adapted to produce an electric field wherein the electric field activates electrostriction in the relaxor materials in order to eject drops of the ink from said nozzle.

7. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator material has an antiferroelectric and a ferroelectric phase, wherein applying an electric field to the actuator material results in a transition from the antiferroelectric to the ferroelectric phase in order to eject drops of the ink from said nozzle.

8. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises conductive plates which are separated by a compressible or fluid dielectric, such that applying a voltage to said plates causes said plates to attract each other and displace ink, said displacement resulting in ejection of ink drops from said nozzle.

9. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator is adapted to apply a strong electric field to the ink, whereupon electrostatic attraction accelerates the drops of ink towards a print medium.

10. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, wherein the electromagnet is configured to directly attract a permanent magnet, to cause ejection of, or assists the ejection of ink from said nozzle.

11. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a soft magnetic core and a solenoid adapted to induce a magnetic field in the soft magnetic core, the soft magnetic core having two parts spaced apart such that inducing a magnetic field in the soft magnetic core causes said two parts to attract each other, to cause ejection of or assist the ejection of, ink from said nozzle.

12. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator is adapted to use a Lorenz force acting on said actuator to cause ejection of, or assist the ejection of ink from said nozzle.

13. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator includes material that exhibit giant magnetostrictive effect, wherein the actuator is adapted to use the giant magnetostrictive effect to cause ejection of, or assist the ejection of ink from said nozzle.

14. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is adapted to use differential thermal expansion upon Joule heating to cause ejection of, or assist the ejection of ink from said nozzle.

15. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a material with a very high coefficient of thermal expansion, such that thermal expansion of the actuator causes ejection of, or assists the ejection of, ink from said nozzle.

16. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a polymer with a high coefficient of thermal expansion which is doped with conducting substances to increase its conductivity such that resistively heating the actuator results in mechanical motion which ejects or assists in ejecting ink from said nozzle.

17. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a shape memory alloy capable of thermal switching between its martensitic state and its austenic state, the switching between states causing the actuator to change shape in order to cause ejection of, or assist in causing ejection of, ink from said nozzle.

18. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is a linear magnetic actuator, wherein activation of the actuator causes ejection of, or assists in causing ejection of, ink from said nozzle.

19. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein during use, activation of said actuator supplies sufficient kinetic energy to the ink in the chamber to expel a drop of ink from said nozzle.

20. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is capable of directly firing the ink drops from said nozzle, without the assistance of an external field.

21. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator has a paddle which pushes on ink in the chamber to eject the ink drops from said nozzle, and a catch for selectively preventing said paddle from moving, such that during use, said printhead is placed in a pulsed magnetic field to cyclically move the paddle when it is not held by the catch.

22. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator moves to directly effect ejection of the ink drops without any mechanical amplification of the actuator motion.

23. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is a differential expansion bend actuator capable of converting a high force, low travel mechanism to high travel, lower force mechanism.

24. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is a trilayer bend actuator where the two outside layers are substantially identical.

25. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator has a spring and a mechanism to load the spring such that when the mechanism is deactivated, the spring releases to eject the ink drops.

26. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a stacked series of thin thermal bend actuators.

27. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises multiple smaller actuators adapted to operate simultaneously to move the ink drops.

28. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator has a linear spring for transforming a motion with small travel and high force into a longer travel, lower force motion.

29. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is a coiled bend actuator.

30. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator is a bend actuator cantilevered into the chamber from a fixed end, wherein the actuator has a region near the fixed end that flexes more readily than the remainder of said actuator.

31. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator has an ink pusher for ejecting the drops of ink, and a controllable catch for to releasably engaging the ink pusher to prevent its movement and thereby the ejection of the drops of ink.

32. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator has components operatively coupled by gears such that travel of one component causes an increased travel in another component.

33. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator has a moveable part and a buckle plate such that movement of the moveable part results in movement with increased speed or travel of a part of the buckle plate.

34. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a tapered magnetic pole.

35. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein said actuator has a moveable part, and a lever and fulcrum for transforming the motion of the moveable part.

36. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apparatus further comprises a rotary impellor, wherein the rotary impeller is connected to the actuator.

37. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator has a sharp point for concentrating an electrostatic field to cause or assist ink drop ejection from said nozzle.

38. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1 wherein the actuator has a variable volume such that the volume of the actuator is increased in order to eject the ink drop from the nozzle.

39. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzles of the array are formed in a flat surface and the actuators move in a direction normal to the surface.

40. An inkjet printhead as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzles of the array are formed in a flat surface and the actuators move in a direction parallel to the surface.

41. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber has a stiff membrane configured for contact with ink in said chamber and the actuator is configured for pushing the stiff membrane.

42. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator is adapted to rotate an element of said drop ejection apparatus.

43. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator bends when energized.

44. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a pivot, wherein said actuator swivels around the pivot when energized.

45. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator is normally bent, and straightens when energized.

46. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator has two elements, such that the actuator bends in one direction when one element is energized, and bends in an opposing direction when the other element is energized.

47. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator has material that deforms in a shear motion when energized.

48. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator is coiled, and either coils further, or uncoils when energized.

49. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator has a middle region that bows or buckles when the actuator is energized.

50. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a shutter and two controlling actuators, one of the controlling actuators pulls said shutter, and the other controlling actuator pushes said shutter.

51. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a set of actuator members configured to enclose a volume of ink, the actuator members curl when energized to reduce the volume of ink that said set of actuators enclose.

52. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator comprises a set of actuator members which curl when energized to pressurize ink in said chamber surrounding said set of actuator members, and eject ink from said nozzle.

53. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of vanes configured for enclosing a volume of ink between adjacent vanes, the actuator adapted to simultaneously rotate said vanes when energized in order to reduce the volume of ink between adjacent vanes.

54. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator is adapted to vibrate at a high frequency.

55. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said actuator does not move relative to the chamber as it causes ejection of, or assists in causing ejection of, ink from said nozzle.

56. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber, the actuator and the nozzle are configured such that ink refills the chamber after drop ejection by the surface tension of the ink.

57. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the actuator has a moveable shutter to impede ink flow from the chamber and the apparatus adapted to cyclically apply pressure to the ink, such that during use, ink refills the chamber after drop ejection by a cycle of positive ink pressure, and said chamber is prevented from emptying during a subsequent cycle of negative ink pressure by the moveable shutter.

58. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a second actuator for refilling the chamber with ink.

59. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to maintain the ink at a slight positive pressure, wherein during use, ink refills the chamber refills through a combination of both the surface tension of the ink and the slight positive ink pressure.

60. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising an ink inlet channel to the chamber, the ink inlet channel being long and narrow relative to the dimensions of the chamber such that ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out during ink drop ejection by viscous drag from the ink inlet channel.

61. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber has an ink inlet and one or more baffles, such that during drop ejection, ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out of the ink inlet by the one or more baffles.

62. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber has an ink inlet and a flexible flap, such that during drop ejection, ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out of the ink inlet by the flexible flap.

63. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber has an ink inlet with a cross sectional area smaller than the cross sectional area of said nozzle, such that during drop ejection, ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out of the ink inlet.

64. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a shutter and a second actuator for operating the shutter, and wherein the chamber has an ink inlet such that ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out of the ink inlet during drop ejection by the shutter.

65. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the chamber has an ink inlet and the actuator has a part adapted to close the inlet when the actuator is energized, such that during drop ejection, ink in said chamber is restricted from flowing out of the ink inlet.

66. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to periodically eject ink from the nozzle, before the ink has time to dry, for preventing ink from drying out in said nozzle.

67. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to provide more energy to said actuator than is normally used for drop ejection, for clearing dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle.

68. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to energize said actuator in rapid succession for clearing dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle.

69. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to provide an enhanced drive to said actuator for clearing dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle.

70. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to apply an ultrasonic wave to said ink chamber for clearing dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle.

71. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a microfabricated plate with a plurality of posts, such that moving the microfabricated plate toward the nozzle inserts one of the posts into the nozzle, to clear dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle.

72. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further adapted to temporarily increase the pressure in the chamber such that ink streams from the nozzle to clear dried or partially dried ink from said nozzle.

73. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a flexible blade adapted to wipe across the nozzle surface to clear dried or partially dried ink from said nozzle.

74. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a heater at the nozzle for clearing dried or partially dried ink in said nozzle by energizing the heater, wherein said heater does not cause or assist the ejection of ink drops.

75. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the nozzle is formed in a plate fabricated from electroformed nickel.

76. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle is an aperture formed by laser ablation.

77. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the nozzle is formed in a plate that is microfabricated from silicon.

78. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said nozzle is formed from a glass capillary.

79. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the nozzle is formed in a surface deposited as a layer using VLSI deposition techniques, wherein the nozzle is etched in said surface.

80. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the apparatus is formed on and through a substrate, and the nozzle is formed in a layer that is embedded in the substrate wherein said nozzle is etched in said layer.

81. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the actuator is configured such that ink flows through the actuator when ejecting drops.

82. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises water and a colorant comprising a dye.

83. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises water and a colorant comprising a pigment.

84. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises methyl ethyl ketone.

85. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises an alcohol.

86. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the ink is solid at room temperature, and is melted before ejection from said nozzle.

87. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises an oil.

88. An inkjet drop ejection apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said ink comprises a microemulsion.