Self-lubricating diesel fuel and method of making and using same

• US 7,598,426 B2
• Filed: 09/06/2002
• Issued: 10/06/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/07/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Shell USA Incorporated (Shell Plc)
• Original Assignee: Shell Oil Company (Shell Plc)
• Inventors: Fang, Jiafu, Gunsel, Selda
• Primary Examiner(s): Toomer; Cephia D
• Application Number:
  US10/488,820
• Publication Number:
  US 20040250466A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,587 Days
• Field of Search: 585/734, 585/733, 585/737, 585/14
• US Class Current: 585/14
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/08 for compression ignition
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/19 Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 10/08 for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/10 Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

A diesel fuel comprising a mixture of normal paraffins and branched paraffins. The normal paraffins present in the diesel fuel is less than about 99% by weight; and the aromatic content in the diesel fuel is less than about 10% by weight. The diesel fuel has a cetane number of at least 40 and a sulfur content of less than about 100 ppm. Optionally, the diesel fuel may further include cycloparaffins, i.e., naphthenes. To increase the lubricity of the diesel fuel, a lubricity additive, such as fatty acid methyl ester, can be added to the diesel fuel.

Claims

1. A self-lubricating diesel fuel composition comprising primarily paraffins, the composition comprising:

a quantity of one or more normal paraffins;

a sulfur content of about 200 ppm or less;

a flashpoint of greater than 140°

F.; and

,

an aromatic content of from about 0.5% to less than about 9% by weight of the self-lubricating diesel fuel composition;

wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is (a) sufficient to produce a cetane number of 40 or more but (b) less than about 99% by weight of the self-lubricating diesel fuel composition;

wherein the self-lubricating diesel fuel composition exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than 0.3 when tested using a high frequency reciprocating test rig at 60°

C.

2. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 exhibiting a coefficient of friction of less than 0.25 when tested using a high frequency reciprocating test rig at 60°

C.

3. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 exhibiting a coefficient of friction of less than 0.15 when tested using a high frequency reciprocating test rig at 60°

C.

4. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the sulfur content is less than about 100 ppm.

5. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 65 or higher.

6. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 70 or higher.

7. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of up to about 80.

8. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 comprising:

a cloud point of less than 10°

F.;

a pour point of less tan 10°

F.; and

,

a cold filter plugging point of less than about 10°

F.

9. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 comprising:

a cloud point of less than 0°

F.;

a pour point of less than 0°

F.; and

,

a cold filter plugging point of less than about 0°

F.

10. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the aromatic content is less than about 8% by weight of the diesel fuel composition.

11. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the aromatic content is less than about 3% by weight of the diesel fuel composition.

12. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is 20% by weight or more.

13. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is 30% by weight or more.

24. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 further comprising lubricity enhancing additive.

25. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 24 wherein the lubricity enhancing additive is fatty acid alkyl ester.

26. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 25 wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid methyl ester and a fatty acid ethyl ester.

30. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the sulfur content is less than about 80 ppm.

31. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the sulfur content is less than about 50 ppm.

14. A method for protecting a fuel injector pump when operating an engine using a diesel fuel composition comprising primarily paraffins, the method comprising:

providing a diesel fuel composition comprising a quantity of one or more normal paraffins sufficient to produce a cetane number of 40 or higher , the normal paraffin content being less than about 99% by weight of the diesel fuel composition;

providing the diesel fuel composition with an aromatic content of from about 0.5% to less than about 9% by weight, thereby producing a self-lubricating diesel fuel composition having a sulfur content of about 200 ppm or less and a coefficient of friction of less than 0.3 when tested using a high frequency reciprocating test rig at 60°

C.; and

,

operating the engine comprising the fuel injector pump without component failure burning the self-lubricating diesel fuel composition.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the reduced coefficient of friction is less than 0.25.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the reduced coefficient of friction is less than 0.15.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein the self-lubricating diesel fuel composition comprises a sulfur content of less than about 100 ppm.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 50 or higher.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 60 or higher.

20. The method of claim 14 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 65 or higher.

21. The method of claim 14 wherein the quantity of one or more normal paraffins is sufficient to produce a cetane number of about 70 or higher.

22. The method of claim 14 comprising providing the diesel fuel composition with an aromatic content of less than about 8% by weight of the diesel fuel composition.

23. The method of claim 14 comprising providing the diesel fuel composition with an aromatic content of less than about 3% by weight of the diesel fuel composition.

27. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 14 further comprising lubricity enhancing additive.

28. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 27 wherein the lubricity enhancing additive is fatty acid alkyl ester.

29. The self-lubricating diesel fuel composition of claim 27 wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid methyl ester and a fatty acid ethyl ester.

32. The method of claim 14 wherein the sulfur content is less than about 80 ppm.

33. The method of claim 14 wherein the sulfur content is less than about 50 ppm.