Dynamic configuration of a radio frequency transponder

• US 7,602,274 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2005
• Issued: 10/13/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microchip Technology Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Microchip Technology Incorporated
• Inventors: Lourens, Ruan, Sullivan, Glen Allen, Vernier, Steve, Lamphier, Alan, Nolan, James B., Delport, Vivien, Lee, Thomas Youbok
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman; Brian A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen; Nam V
• Application Number:
  US11/079,719
• Publication Number:
  US 20050237163A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,674 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.2, 340/10.4, 340/10.51, 340/5.61, 340/5.2, 340/426, 340/426.36, 340/425.5, 340/539, 342/27, 342/44, 342/51, 180/287, 307/10.2
• US Class Current: 340/10.2
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0726 the arrangement including a circuit for tuning the resonance frequency of an antenna on the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07767 the first and second communication means being two different antennas types, e.g. dipole and coil type, or two antennas of the same kind but operating at different frequencies

Abstract

A multi-channel remote keyless entry (RKE) transponder having dynamically re-configurable input channel selection, channel disable, settable sensitivity for each channel, wake-up filter timing parameters, automatic gain control hold, internal tuning capacitor selection for each channel'"'"'s antenna, minimum modulation depth requirement for input signal and bi-directional talk-back. Programmable minimum modulation depth requirement reduces false wake-up of the RKE transponder. An antenna for each channel of the RKE transponder may be tuned with internal tuning capacitors for improved range and receiver sensitivity. The internal tuning capacitor parameters may be stored in a configuration register. Gain of the channel may be fixed while the antenna is tuned. The antennas may be de-queued for talk-back to a base station for low frequency bi-directional communications. An external control device may dynamically read from and write to the configuration registers via a serial communications interface.

Claims

1. A remote keyless entry (RKE) transponder, comprising:

a multi-channel analog front-end (AFE) and a plurality of antennas, wherein each channel of the multi-channel AFE is coupled to a one of the plurality of antennas;

a tuning circuit for each channel of the multi-channel AFE, each tuning circuit having a plurality of tuning capacitors internal to the multi-channel AFE, wherein the tuning circuit couples a combination of the plurality of tuning capacitors to a respective one of the plurality of antennas so that the respective one of the plurality of antennas is tuned to a desired frequency;

at least one antenna configuration register for storing each combination of the plurality of capacitors required for tuning each of the respective ones of the plurality of antennas; and

a low frequency talk-back circuit for sending data back to a low frequency base station, wherein the low frequency talk-back circuit comprises a de-queuing circuit for clamping and unclamping a voltage on at least one of the plurality of antennas, wherein the dc-queuing circuit is controlled by an external control device.

2. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of tuning capacitors are arranged in about 1 pF steps.

3. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein automatic gain control (AGC) of the channel is held at a fixed value during tuning of the respective antenna.

4. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the desired frequency is at a frequency from about 100 kHz to about 400 kHz.

5. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the desired frequency is about 125 kHz.

6. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein each channel of the multi-channel AFE can be individually enabled or disabled depending upon a channel enable configuration stored in the at least one configuration register.

7. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the multi-channel APE comprises three channels.

8. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, further comprising:

the multi-channel AFE having configurable parameters;

a plurality of parameter configuration registers for storing the configurable parameters of the multi-channel AFE, wherein the external control device writes to and reads from the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

9. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the configurable parameters stored in the plurality of parameter configuration registers are parity checked.

10. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the configurable parameters stored in the plurality of parameter configuration registers are dynamically re-configurable.

11. The RKE transponder according to claim 10, wherein the external control device dynamically re-configures the configurable parameters stored in the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

12. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the external control device is coupled to the plurality of parameter configuration registers with a serial communications interface.

13. The RKE transponder according to claim 12, wherein the serial communications interface is selected from the group consisting of I²C, CAN, and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).

14. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the external control device is selected from the group consisting of digital processor, microcontroller, microprocessor, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and programmable logic array (PLA).

15. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the configurable parameters are selected from the group consisting of input channel selection, individual channel disable, independently settable sensitivity for each channel, wake-up filter timing parameters, internal tuning capacitor selection for each channel'"'"'s antenna, and minimum modulation depth requirement.

16. The RKE transponder according to claim 15, wherein an AFE output is selected from the group consisting of demodulated data, carrier clock, and received signal strength (RSSI).

17. The RKE transponder according to claim 16, wherein selection of the AFE output is determined by an output configuration stored in a one of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

18. The RKE transponder according to claim 16, wherein the RSSI output is proportional to an input signal amplitude.

19. The RKE transponder according to claim 18, wherein the RSSI output is a current output.

20. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, further comprising a status register.

21. The RKE transponder according to claim 20, wherein the status register is read only.

22. The RKE transponder according to claim 20, wherein the status register indicates which channel of the multi-channel AFE caused a wake-up.

23. The RKE transponder according to claim 20, wherein the status register indicates automatic gain control (AGC) activity of the multi-channel AFE.

24. The RKE transponder according to claim 20, wherein the status register indicates parity errors occurring in the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

25. The RKE transponder according to claim 20, wherein the status register indicates a noise alarm for each channel of the multi-channel AFE that receives an unwanted input signal.

26. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein each channel of the multi-channel AFE can be individually enabled or disabled depending upon a channel enable configuration stored in a one of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

27. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the multi-channel AFE comprises three signal input channels.

28. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the multi-channel AFE has optimum input sensitivity at about 125 kHz.

29. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the multi-channel AFE is adapted to receive signals from about 100 kHz to about 400 kHz.

30. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, further comprising a column parity register that stores column parity bits for each column of bit positions of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

31. The RKE transponder according to claim 30, wherein a bit of each of the plurality of configuration registers stores a row parity bit for that parameter configuration register.

32. The RKE transponder according to claim 31, wherein parity is odd.

33. The RKE transponder according to claim 31, wherein parity is even.

34. The RKE transponder according to claim 31, wherein when there is parity error the external control device reloads the configurable parameters to the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

35. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein the AFE and the plurality of parameter configuration registers are fabricated on a first integrated circuit die, and the external control device is fabricated on a second integrated circuit die.

36. The RKE transponder according to claim 35, wherein the first integrated circuit die and second integrated circuit die are enclosed in an integrated circuit package.

37. The RKE transponder according to claim 36, wherein the integrated circuit package is part of a key fob.

38. The RKE transponder according to claim 37, wherein the key fob further comprises a radio frequency transmitter for longer range operation of the key fob.

39. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein a minimum modulation depth requirement parameter determines a minimum modulation depth requirement of an input signal to be detected.

40. The RKE transponder according to claim 39, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter requires that modulation depth of a received signal be greater than or equal to 25 percent.

41. The RKE transponder according to claim 39, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter requires that modulation depth of a received signal be greater than or equal to 50 percent.

42. The RKE transponder according to claim 39, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter requires that modulation depth of a received signal be greater than or equal to 75 percent.

43. The RKE transponder according to claim 39, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter requires that modulation depth of a received signal be greater than or equal to 12 percent.

44. The RKE transponder according to claim 8, wherein each channel of the AFE has a gain of at least 100 dB dynamic range, wherein the gain is dynamically adjusted by automatic gain control (AGC).

45. The RKE transponder according to claim 44, wherein the AGC is held at a certain gain to prevent noise from interfering with a channel of the AFE.

46. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the external control device is coupled to the at least one antenna configuration register with a serial communications interface.

47. The RKE transponder according to claim 46, wherein the serial communications interface is selected from the group consisting of I²C, CAN, and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).

48. The RKE transponder according to claim 1, wherein the external control device is selected from the group consisting of microcontroller, microprocessor, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and programmable logic array (PLA).

49. A method for a remote keyless entry (RKE) transponder, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a multi-channel analog front-end (AFE);

providing an antenna for each channel of the multi-channel AFE;

coupling each channel to its respective antenna;

tuning each channel antenna to a desired frequency by coupling some combination of a plurality of tuning capacitors to the channel antenna;

storing, in at least one configuration register, the combinations of the plurality of tuning capacitors used to tune each of the channel antennas to the desired frequency; and

sending data back to a low frequency base station by clamping and unclamping a voltage on at least one of the antennas.

50. The method according to claim 49, wherein the step of coupling the some combination of the plurality of tuning capacitors to the channel antenna is performed in about 1 pF steps.

51. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of holding automatic gain control (AGC) of the channel to a fixed value during tuning of the respective antenna.

52. The method according to claim 49, wherein the desired frequency is at a frequency from about 100 kHz to about 400 kHz.

53. The method according to claim 49, wherein the desired frequency is about 125 kHz.

54. The method according to claim 49, wherein the multi-channel AFE comprises three channels.

55. The method according to claim 49, wherein the steps of tuning and coupling are controlled by an external control device.

56. The method according to claim 55, further comprising the step of writing to the at least one configuration register with the external control device.

57. The method according to claim 55, further comprising the step of reading from the at least one configuration register with the external control device.

58. The method according to claim 55, wherein the external control device is selected from the group consisting of digital processor, microcontroller, microprocessor, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and programmable logic array (PLA).

59. The method according to claim 49, wherein the step of sending data back to the low frequency base station by clamping and unclamping the voltage on the at least one of the antennas comprises the steps of de-queuing and queuing the at least one of the antennas.

60. The method according to claim 59, wherein the steps of de-queuing and queuing the at least one of the antennas is performed with an external control device.

61. The method according to claim 49, wherein the clamping takes place by receiving a “

clamp on”

SPI command from an external device.

62. The method according to claim 61, wherein the external device is a microcontroller.

63. The method according to claim 49, wherein the unclamping takes place by receiving a “

clamp off”

SPI command from an external device.

64. The method according to claim 63, wherein the external device is a microcontroller.

65. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of placing the AFE into a sleep mode by sending a sleep command from the external device.

66. The method according to claim 65, wherein when the AFE is in the sleep mode it draws the least amount of power.

67. The method according to claim 65, wherein the AFE exits the sleep mode by receiving any command other than the sleep command or a power-on reset.

68. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of sending an AGC preserve command to hold a current AGC level.

69. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of sending an AGC preserve off command to enable tracking of a new AGC level.

70. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of sending a soft reset command to soft reset the AFE.

71. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of sending a soft reset command to soft reset bits in a status register.

72. The method according to claim 49, further comprising the steps of:

providing the multi-channel AFE with configurable parameters; and

storing the configurable parameters in a plurality of parameter configuration registers.

73. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of writing the configurable parameters into the plurality of parameter configuration registers with an external control device.

74. The method according to claim 73, wherein the step of writing the configurable parameters into the plurality of parameter configuration registers with the external control device further comprises the step of dynamically re-configuring at least one of the parameters stored in the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

75. The method according to claim 73, wherein the external control device is selected from the group consisting of digital processor, microcontroller, microprocessor, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and programmable logic array (PLA).

76. The method according to claim 72, wherein the configurable parameters are selected from the group consisting of individual input channel selection, individual channel disable, independently settable sensitivity for each channel, wake-up filter timing parameters, automatic gain control hold, internal tuning capacitor selection for each channel'"'"'s antenna, minimum modulation depth requirement, and bi-directional talk back.

77. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of indicating with a status register which channel of the multi-channel AFE caused a wake-up from a received signal.

78. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of indicating with a status register automatic gain control (AGC) activity of the multi-channel AFE.

79. The method according to claim 78, further comprising the step of storing the calculated parity in a respective one of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

80. The method according to claim 78, further comprising the step of indicating a parity error occurring in any of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

81. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of calculating parity of the parameters stored in each of the plurality of parameter configuration registers.

82. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the steps of calculating row parity for each of the parameters stored in each of the plurality of parameter configuration registers and column parity for each column of the plurality of configuration registers arranged in a matrix.

83. The method according to claim 82, further comprising the step of storing the calculated column parity for each column of the plurality of parameter configuration registers in a column parity register.

84. The method according to claim 83, further comprising the step of indicating that a parity error is present in the column parity register.

85. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of decoding a signal received by the multi-channel AFE when the received signal modulation depth is equal to or greater than a minimum modulation depth requirement parameter.

86. The method according to claim 85, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter is 25 percent.

87. The method according to claim 85, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter is 50 percent.

88. The method according to claim 85, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter is 75 percent.

89. The method according to claim 85, wherein the minimum modulation depth requirement parameter is 12 percent.

90. The method according to claim 72, further comprising the step of dynamically adjusting the gain of each channel of the multi-channel AFE.

91. The method according to claim 90, wherein each of the channels has a 100 dB dynamic range adjustable gain that is dynamically adjustable with an automatic gain control (AGC).