Holographically encoded elements for microarray and other tagging labeling applications, and method and apparatus for making and reading the same

• US 7,604,173 B2
• Filed: 11/16/2005
• Issued: 10/20/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Illumina Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Illumina Incorporated
• Inventors: Kersey, Alan, Putnam, Martin A., Moon, John A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hess; Daniel A
• Application Number:
  US11/281,910
• Publication Number:
  US 20060118630A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,434 Days
• Field of Search: 235/454, 235/462.01, 369/103
• US Class Current: 235/462.01
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10663 using hologram

Abstract

A method and apparatus is provided for writing a code on an optical element, wherein the code is written on the optical element in the form of a holographic image of an n-dimensional code generated by an interference pattern between a reference beam and a signal beam reflected off a spatial light modulation device having the n-dimensional code configured thereon. The method includes steps of generating the interference pattern between the reference beam and the signal beam reflected off the spatial light modulation device having the n-dimensional code thereon; as well as writing the interference pattern on the optical element as a holographic image of the n-dimensional code.

Claims

1. A method for writing a different code on or in each of a plurality of optical elements, comprising:

generating an interference pattern between a reference beam and a signal beam reflected off a spatial light modulation device having an n-dimensional code configured thereon; and

writing the interference pattern on or in the optical element as a holographic image of the n-dimensional code, wherein the optical elements comprise microbeads or a substrate that is processed to produce microbeads.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein n is a number greater than or equal to 1.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation device includes a digitally modulated device (DMD) having a 1 or 2-dimensional array of micromirrors.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the DMD is programmable.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the signal beam may be reflected in the direction of the optical element when a particular micromirror is turned on, while another portion of the signal beam may be reflected in a direction away from the optical element when a particular micromirror is turned off.

6. A method according to claim 4, wherein a binomial state of the 2-dimensional array of micromirrors of the DMD corresponds to the 2-dimensional binomial code written on or in the optical element.

7. A method according to claim 4 wherein the DMD is a digital light processor (DLP).

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation device is a digital mask with N×

M attenuation elements that allows for multiple combinations/permutations of digital codes.

9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation device has pixels that may have one reflective state and the other state may be absorptive or transmissive, or that may have one state being transmissive and the other state being absorptive, or that may have two transmissive or partially transmissive states that refract the incoming light out at two different angles, or some combination thereof.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation device has pixels that have two or three-dimensional shapes.

11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes one of a microbead, a chip, a block, and a platelet.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the optical element has a maximum dimension of less than 1000 microns.

13. A method according to claim 1, wherein a material of the optical element is a photosensitive material.

14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes a step of providing the reference beam on the bead in order to read the holographic image off the optical element.

15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the interference pattern is written in or on the optical element in the form of a diffraction grating.

16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes bouncing light off the spatial light modulation device more than one time in order to form the holographic image.

17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes using multiple spatial light modulation devices.

18. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method includes using different portions of the spatial light modulation device sequentially or simultaneously in order to form the holographic image.

19. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reference beam is pixelated using a second spatial light modulation device or an unused portion of the first spatial light modulation device, so that when the n-dimensional code is read the same pixelated reference beam is used.

20. A bead having an n-dimensional code formed by the steps according to the method recited in claim 1.

21. A bead according to claim 20, wherein the spatial light modulation device is a digital mask with N×

M attenuation elements that allows for multiple combinations/permutations of digital codes.

22. A bead according to claim 20, wherein the holographically encoded bead has a maximum outer dimension less than 1,000 microns.

23. A bead according to claim 20, wherein a material of the optical element includes a photosensitive material.

24. A bead according to claim 20, wherein the method includes using multiple spatial light modulation devices.

25. A bead according to claim 20, wherein n is a number greater than or equal to 1.

26. A bead according to claim 20, wherein the spatial light modulation device includes a digitally modulated device (DMD) having a 1 or 2-dimensional array of micromirrors.

27. A method according to claim 1 wherein the holographic image of the n-dimensional code identifies the optical element.

41. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation device has multiple patterns or codes.

28. An optical arrangement for writing a different code on or in each of a plurality of optical elements, comprising:

a light source for providing a reference beam; and

a spatial light modulation device having an n-dimensional code configured thereon that responds to a signal beam for providing a spatial light modulation signal containing the n-dimensional code;

the spatial light modulation device and the light source being arranged in relation to the optical element so that an interference pattern generated between the spatial light modulation signal and the reference beam is written on or in the optical element as a holographic image of the n-dimensional code, wherein the optical elements comprise microbeads or a substrate that is processed to produce microbeads.

29. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein n is a number greater than or equal to 1.

30. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the spatial light modulation device includes a digitally modulated device (DMD) having a 1 or 2-dimensional array of micromirrors.

31. An optical arrangement according to claim 30, wherein a binomial state of the 2-dimensional array of micromirrors corresponds to the 2-dimensional binomial code written on or in the optical element.

32. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the spatial light modulation device is a digital mask with N×

M attenuation elements that allows for multiple combinations/permutations of digital codes.

33. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the spatial light modulation device has pixels that may have one reflective state and the other state may be absorptive or transmissive, or that may have one state being transmissive and the other state being absorptive, or that may have two transmissive or partially transmissive states that refract the incoming light out at two different angles, or some combination thereof.

34. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the optical element includes one of a microbead, a chip, a block, and a platelet.

35. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the optical element is microscopic in size having a maximum dimension of less than 1,000 microns.

36. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein a material of the bead is a photosensitive material.

37. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the reference beam is provided on the optical element in order to read the holographic image off the optical element.

38. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the interference pattern is written in or on the optical element in the form of a diffraction grating.

39. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the optical arrangement bounces light off the spatial light modulation device more than one time in order to form the holographic image.

40. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the optical arrangement includes multiple spatial light modulation devices.

42. An optical arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the reference beam is pixelated using a second spatial light modulation device or an unused portion of the first spatial light modulation device, so that when the n-dimensional code is read the same pixelated reference beam is used.