Devices and methods for monitoring genomic DNA of organisms

• US 7,604,938 B2
• Filed: 02/17/2006
• Issued: 10/20/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Canon USA, Inc. (Canon Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Canon USA, Inc. (Canon Inc.)
• Inventors: Takahashi, Toru, Inoue, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Benzion; Gary
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wilder; Cynthia B
• Application Number:
  US11/356,807
• Publication Number:
  US 20060257893A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,341 Days
• Field of Search: 435/91.1, 435/91.2
• US Class Current: 435/6.14
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0673 Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/10 Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0636 Integrated biosensor, microarrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/087 Multiple sequential chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0877 Flow chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/1827 using resistive heater
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0415 electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502738 characterised by integrated valves microvalves F16K99/0001
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502784 specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics automatic analysis using a stream of discrete samples in a tube system G01N35/08
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/525 with physical movement of samples between temperature zones
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/54 using spatial temperature gradients
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6839 Triple helix formation or other higher order conformations in hybridisation assays
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/686 Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6888 for detection or identification of organisms
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2525/161 incorporating target specific and non-target specific sites
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2525/179 incorporating arbitrary or random nucleotide sequences
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2535/139 : Random amplification polymorphism detection [RAPD]
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2563/173 : staining/intercalating agent, e.g. ethidium bromide
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/629 : being a microfluidic device
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/34 : Purifying; Cleaning processes or apparatus for extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples C12N15/1003
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/4088 : filtration
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00237 : Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/08 : using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis

Abstract

The invention provides an apparatus that can be used in methods of preparing, amplifying, detecting, and/or optionally selecting for further analysis the genomic material from an organism for the rapid detection and/or classification of an organism in a sample (e.g., screening for, identifying, quantifying, and/or optionally further analyzing, e.g., sequencing, the genomic material of the organism). The invention further provides methods of using the apparatus, e.g., in combination with novel SGP primers for improved use in waveform-profiling methods of DNA amplification. It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for fully automated analysis of genomic material, and multiple methods of using the apparatus that are beneficial to society, e.g., the apparatus may be used in methods of screening for, identifying, quantifying, and/or selecting genomic material for further analysis (e.g., sequencing) in relation to monitoring a source for the presence of contaminating organisms.

Claims

1. A method of detecting the absence or presence of one or more organisms in one or more samples, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a microfluidic device comprising a microfluidic reagent assembly area which forms two or more sample plugs, said microfluidic reagent assembly area being in fluid communication with at least one microfluidic inline channel that runs through an amplification area and a detection area, said microfluidic reagent assembly area comprising;

i. a sample droplet forming area which receives one or more samples containing the same or different genomic material and forms one or more samples into said one or more sample droplets, said sample droplet forming area comprises a sample droplet microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more sample droplets to said microfluidic inline channel;

ii. a primer plug producing area comprising a primer assembly apparatus which assembles one or more primer plugs comprising amplification reagents including at least one primer, wherein said primer assembly apparatus is controlled to assemble said one or more primer plugs containing the same primers or different primers, said primer plug producing area further comprises a primer plug microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more primer plugs to the microfluidic inline channel; and

iii. a sample plug mixing area which forms sample plugs by mixing said sample droplet and primer plug, said sample plug mixing area being in fluid communication with the microfluidic inline channel;

wherein said microfluidic reagent assembly area is controlled to form sample plugs that comprise the same or different genomic material and the same or different primers;

(b) acquiring samples that may contain an organism;

(c) selecting one or more samples to input into said sample droplet forming area of the device;

(d) isolating at least one copy of the genomic material if present from each of the selected samples in the sample droplet forming area;

(e) introducing at least one sample droplet of each of the selected samples into the microfluidic inline channel through the sample droplet microfluidic path;

(f) driving the sample droplets along the microfluidic inline channel through the reagent assembly area;

(g) selecting two or more primer plugs to input into the primer plug microfluidic path of the device;

(h) assembling the selected primer plugs in the primer plug assembly area, wherein each primer plug comprises amplification reagents and at least one primer, and wherein the primer plugs contain the same primers or different primers;

(i) introducing the primer plugs into the microfluidic inline channel through the primer plug microfluidic path;

(j) forming two or more sample plugs in the microfluidic inline channel by mixing the sample droplets with the primer plugs in the microfluidic inline channel in the sample plug mixing area, wherein the sample plugs comprise the same or different genomic material and the same or different primers;

(k) driving the sample plugs along the microfluidic inline channel through the amplification area;

(l) amplifying the genomic material, if present, in each of the sample plugs in the microfluidic inline channel in the amplification area of the device;

(m) driving the sample plugs along the microfluidic inline channel through the detection area; and

(n) detecting the absence or presence of amplified products in each of the sample plugs,

wherein the presence of amplified products for an organism is indicative of the presence of the organism in the sample.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one primer comprises a PCR primer pair.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one primer comprises a waveform profiling primer or a single genome profiling (SGP) primer.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step of step (n) occurs at one temperature.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting step of step (n) occurs at a range of temperatures.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification reagents comprise nucleotides, DNA polymerase, magnesium and a buffer.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the amplification reagents further comprise a detection agent.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein multiple sample droplets from one or more samples are introduced into the microfluidic inline channel of the device.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the multiple sample droplets are from one sample.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein primer plugs containing different primers are mixed with the multiple sample droplets to form multiple sample plugs in the microfluidic inline reaction channel of the device.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the different primers are capable of amplifying genomic material of different organisms.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the multiple sample droplets are from two or more samples.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein primer plugs containing the same primers are mixed with the multiple sample droplets to form multiple sample plugs in the microfluidic inline reaction channel of the device.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein primer plugs containing different primers are mixed with the multiple sample droplets to form multiple sample plugs in the microfluidic inline reaction channel of the device.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the different primers are capable of amplifying genomic material of different organisms.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more samples are from a sample supply that is continuously selected and wherein the presence of an organism in the sample indicates contamination of the sample supply.

17. The method of claim 1, which further comprises identifying the one or more organisms on the basis of the amplified products and the primers used to amplify the sample plugs.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample droplet forming area further comprises a genomic isolation area comprising a filtering apparatus, a genomic material isolation apparatus and a genomic material concentration adjusting apparatus.

19. A method of detecting the absence or presence of an organism in a sample comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a microfluidic device comprising a microfluidic reagent assembly area which forms two or more sample plugs, said microfluidic reagent assembly area being in fluid communication with at least one microfluidic inline channel that runs through an amplification area and a detection area, said microfluidic reagent assembly area comprising;

i. a sample droplet forming area which receives one or more samples containing the same or different genomic material and forms one or more samples into said one or more sample droplets, said sample droplet forming area comprises a sample droplet microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more sample droplets to said microfluidic inline channel;

ii. a primer plug producing area comprising a primer assembly apparatus which assembles one or more primer plugs comprising amplification reagents including at least one primer, wherein said primer assembly apparatus is controlled to assemble said one or more primer plugs containing the same primers or different primers, said primer plug producing area further comprises a primer plug microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more primer plugs to the microfluidic inline channel; and

iii. a sample plug mixing area which forms sample plugs by mixing said sample droplet and primer plug, said sample plug mixing area being in fluid communication with the microfluidic inline channel;

wherein said microfluidic reagent assembly area is controlled to form sample plugs that comprise the same or different genomic material and the same or different primers; and

wherein the microfluidic device further comprising at least one microfluidic inline channel that runs through (i) an amplification area within a first temperature-controlled area and (ii) a detection area within a second temperature-controlled area, wherein the at least one microfluidic inline channel comprises a valve downstream of the detection area through which a sample selectively flows and wherein the device controls fluid movement within the microfluidic inline channel, heating and cooling of the first and second temperature-controlled areas and data acquisition from the microfluidic device;

(b) acquiring a sample that may contain an organism;

(c) isolating at least one copy of the genomic material of the organism, if present in the sample, in the reagent assembly area of the micro fluidic device;

(d) introducing at least one sample droplet into one microfluidic inline reaction channel;

(e) driving the at least one sample droplet along the microfluidic inline channel through the reagent assembly area;

(f) forming at least one sample plug by mixing the at least one sample droplet with at least one primer plug in the microfluidic inline channel in the reagent assembly area of the device, wherein each primer plug comprises amplification reagents and at least one primer, and wherein the primer plugs contain the same or different primers;

(g) driving the at least one sample plug along the microfluidic inline channel through the amplification area;

(h) amplifying the genomic material, if present, in the at least one sample plug in the microfluidic inline channel in the amplification area of the device;

(i) driving the at least one sample plug along the microfluidic inline channel through the detection area;

(j) detecting the absence or presence of amplified products in the microfluidic inline channel in the detection area of the device to produce a detection result, wherein the presence of the amplified products is indicative of the presence of the organism;

(k) selecting the sample plug for further analysis or waste removal on the basis of the detection result;

(l) driving the at least one sample plug along the microfluidic inline channel to a valve; and

(m) directing flow of the sample plug through the valve in the microfluidic inline channel on the basis of the selection in step (k).

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the valve selectively switches fluid flow within the at least one microfluidic inline reaction channel from a first direction to a second direction based on data collected for the selection in step (k).

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one primer comprises a PCR primer pair.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one primer comprises a waveform profiling primer or a single genome profiling (SGP) primer.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the detecting step of step (j) occurs at one temperature.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the detecting step of step (j) occurs at a range of temperatures.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the amplification reagents further comprise a detection agent.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein the sample is from a sample supply that is continuously monitored at a predetermined interval and wherein the presence of an organism in the sample indicates contamination of the sample supply.

27. The method of claim 19, which further comprises identifying the organism on the basis of the amplified products and the primers used to amplify the sample plugs.

28. A method of detecting the presence or absence of genomic material in two or more samples, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a microfluidic device comprising a microfluidic reagent assembly area which forms two or more sample plugs, said microfluidic reagent assembly area being in fluid communication with at least one microfluidic inline channel that runs through an amplification area and a detection area, said microfluidic reagent assembly area comprising;

i. a sample droplet forming area which receives one or more samples containing the same or different genomic material and forms one or more samples into said one or more sample droplets, said sample droplet forming area comprises a sample droplet microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more sample droplets to said microfluidic inline channel;

ii. a primer plug producing area comprising a primer assembly apparatus which assembles one or more primer plugs comprising amplification reagents including at least one primer, wherein said primer assembly apparatus is controlled to assemble said one or more primer plugs containing the same primers or different primers, said primer plug producing area further comprises a primer plug microfluidic path in fluid communication with said microfluidic inline channel which forwards the one or more primer plugs to the microfluidic inline channel; and

iii. a sample plug mixing area which forms sample plugs by mixing said sample droplet and primer plug, said sample plug mixing area being in fluid communication with the microfluidic inline channel;

wherein said microfluidic reagent assembly area is controlled to form sample plugs that comprise the same or different genomic material and the same or different primers;

(b) selecting two or more samples for detecting the presence or absence of the genomic material in each of said samples;

(c) introducing one or more sample droplets of each of the selected samples into the microfluidic inline channel of the microfluidic device, wherein each sample droplet contains genomic material if present;

(d) selecting two or more primer plugs to input into said microfluidic inline channel, wherein each primer plug comprises amplification reagents and at least one primer, wherein the primer plugs contain the same primers or different primers based on the selection of the primer plugs and wherein the primers are selected on the basis of the genomic material to be detected;

(e) forming two or more sample plugs in said microfluidic inline channel by mixing the sample droplets with the primer plugs in the microfluidic inline channel, wherein the sample plugs comprise the same or different genomic material and the same or different primers;

(f) amplifying the genomic material in the sample plugs in said microfluidic inline channel to produce amplified products if genomic material is present in the sample plugs; and

(g) detecting the presence or absence of the resulting amplified products in each of the sample plugs,

wherein the presence of amplified products in a sample plug is indicative of the presence of the genomic material in the sample.

29. The method of claim 28, which further comprises the step of:

(g) identifying the genomic material in the sample plug,

wherein the genomic material is identified on the basis of the amplified products and the primer plugs selected for forming the sample plugs.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one primer comprises a PCR primer pair.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one primer comprises a waveform profiling primer or a single genome profiling (SGP) primer.

32. The microfluidic device of claim 28, wherein the amplification reagents comprise nucleotides, DNA polymerase, magnesium and a buffer.

33. The microfluidic device of claim 32, wherein the selected amplification reagents further comprise a detectable agent.

34. The method of claim 28, wherein the two or more samples are from a sample supply that is continuously selected and wherein the presence of an organism in the sample indicates contamination of the sample supply.