Controller and control method for DC-DC converter

• US 7,609,039 B2
• Filed: 03/09/2006
• Issued: 10/27/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Infineon Technologies AG)
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Microelectronics Limited (Fujitsu Limited)
• Inventors: Hasegawa, Morihito
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US11/370,880
• Publication Number:
  US 20070057658A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,328 Days
• Field of Search: 323/268, 323/269, 323/271, 323/273, 323/276, 323/282
• US Class Current: 323/273
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0045 Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC-DC converter having conversion efficiency that is not lowered by input voltage change. A mode control circuit of the DC-DC converter monitors the input voltage, output voltage generated from the input voltage, and output current. The output current changes in accordance with the output voltage. Based on the input voltage, output voltage, and consumption current of a controller of the DC-DC converter, the mode control circuit generates a signal that is in accordance with load current in which efficiency of a switching regulator and efficiency of a linear regulator are substantially the same. The mode control circuit further compares a signal corresponding to the output current and the signal that is in accordance with the load current to generate a mode control signal. The controller operates the DC-DC converter as the switching regulator or the linear regulator in accordance with the mode control signal.

Claims

1. A DC-DC converter comprising:

a first transistor receiving input voltage;

a second transistor coupled in series to the first transistor; and

a controller controlling the first transistor and the second transistor to select either one of a first mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a switching regulator and a second mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a linear regulator,

wherein output voltage and output current changing in accordance with the output voltage are generated through a node between the first transistor and the second transistor, and

wherein the controller includes a mode control circuit which monitors the input voltage, the output voltage, and the output current, the mode control circuit including;

a multiplier which determines a load current in which efficiency of the switching regulator and efficiency of the linear regulator are substantially the same based on a consumption current consumed in the controller, a monitored input voltage and a monitored output voltage, and

a comparator which compares the load current with a monitored output current, and generates a mode control signal for selecting the one of the first mode and the second mode based on a comparing result.

2. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, further comprising:

a choke coil coupled to the node between the first transistor and the second transistor; and

a smoothing capacitor, coupled to the choke coil, for smoothing the output voltage;

wherein the controller activates and inactivates the first transistor and the second transistor in a complementary manner during the first mode, and the controller inactivates the second transistor and performs linear operation with the first transistor during the second mode.

3. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the controller includes:

an error amplifier for comparing the output voltage with a reference voltage and generating an error signal in accordance with the comparison result;

a triangular wave oscillator for generating a triangular wave signal;

a PWM comparator, coupled to the error amplifier and the triangular wave oscillator, for comparing the error signal and the triangular wave signal and generating a switching control signal in accordance with the comparison result

a selection circuit, coupled to the mode control circuit, the error amplifier, the PWM comparator, and the first transistor, for providing, in response to the mode control signal, the first transistor with the switching control signal during the first mode and the first transistor with the error signal during the second mode; and

a signal control circuit, coupled to the mode control circuit, the PWM comparator, and the second transistor, for providing, in accordance with the mode control signal, the second transistor with the switching control signal during the first mode and generating a gate signal for inactivating the second transistor during the second mode.

4. The DC-DC converter according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the triangular wave oscillator and the PWM comparator stops operating during the second mode in accordance with the mode control signal.

5. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the mode control circuit further includes:

an operational amplifier for generating amplified voltage in accordance with the difference between the monitored input voltage and the monitored output voltage;

wherein the multiplier is coupled to the operational amplifier and determines the load current based on the monitored input voltage, the amplified voltage, and the predetermined consumption current.

15. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the load current changes in accordance with a difference between the monitored input voltage and the monitored output voltage.

6. A controller for a DC-DC converter including a first transistor receiving input voltage and a second transistor coupled in series to the first transistor, the controller comprising:

a circuit controlling the first transistor and the second transistor to select either one of a first mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a switching regulator and a second mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a linear regulator,

wherein output voltage and output current changing in accordance with the output voltage are generated through a node between the first transistor and the second transistor, and

wherein the circuit includes a mode control circuit which monitors the input voltage, the output voltage, and the output current, the mode control circuit including;

a multiplier which determines a load current in which efficiency of the switching regulator and efficiency of the linear regulator are substantially the same based on a consumption current consumed in the controller, a monitored input voltage and a monitored output voltage, and

a comparator which compares the load current with a monitored output current, and generates a mode control signal for selecting the one of the first mode and the second mode based on a comparing result.

7. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the DC-DC converter further includes:

a choke coil coupled to the node between the first transistor and the second transistor; and

a smoothing capacitor, coupled to the choke coil, for smoothing the output voltage;

wherein the circuit activates and inactivates the first transistor and the second transistor in a complementary manner during the first mode, and the circuit inactivates the second transistor and performs linear operation with the first transistor during the second mode.

8. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the circuit includes:

an error amplifier for comparing the output voltage with a reference voltage and generating an error signal in accordance with the comparison result;

a triangular wave oscillator for generating a triangular wave signal;

a PWM comparator, coupled to the error amplifier and the triangular wave oscillator, for comparing the error signal and the triangular wave signal and generating a switching control signal in accordance with the comparison result

a selection circuit, coupled to the mode control circuit, the error amplifier, the PWM comparator, and the first transistor, for providing, in response to the mode control signal, the first transistor with the switching control signal during the first mode and the first transistor with the error signal during the second mode; and

a signal control circuit, coupled to the mode control circuit, the PWM comparator, and the second transistor, for providing, in accordance with the mode control signal, the second transistor with the switching control signal during the first mode and generating a gate signal for inactivating the second transistor during the second mode.

9. The controller according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the triangular wave oscillator and the PWM comparator stops operating during the second mode in accordance with the mode control signal.

10. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the mode control circuit further includes:

an operational amplifier for generating amplified voltage in accordance with the difference between the monitored input voltage and the monitored output voltage;

wherein the multiplier is coupled to the operational amplifier and determines the load current based on the monitored input voltage, the amplified voltage, and the predetermined consumption current.

16. The controller according to claim 6, wherein the load current changes in accordance with a difference between the monitored input voltage and the monitored output voltage.

11. A method for controlling a DC-DC converter that includes a first transistor receiving input voltage, a second transistor coupled in series to the first transistor, and a controller which controls the first transistor and the second transistor to select either one of a first mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a switching regulator and a second mode in which the DC-DC converter operates as a linear regulator, wherein output voltage and output current changing in accordance with the output voltage are generated through a node between the first transistor and the second transistor, the method comprising:

monitoring the input voltage, the output voltage, and the output current;

determining a load current in which efficiency of the switching regulator and efficiency of the linear regulator are substantially the same based on a consumption current to be consumed in the controller, a monitored input voltage, and a monitored output voltage;

comparing the load current with a monitored output current; and

based on a comparing result, generating a mode control signal for selecting one of the first mode and the second mode.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:

activating and inactivating the first transistor and the second transistor in a complementary manner during the first mode; and

inactivating the second transistor and performing linear operation with the first transistor during the second mode.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

comparing the output voltage with a reference voltage and generating an error signal in accordance with the comparison result;

generating a triangular wave signal;

comparing the error signal and the triangular wave signal and generating a switching control signal in accordance with the comparison result;

wherein said activating and inactivating the first transistor and the second transistor in a complementary manner during the first mode includes;

providing the first transistor with the switching control signal in response to the mode control signal; and

providing the second transistor with the switching control signal in response to the mode control signal; and

wherein said inactivating the second transistor and performing linear operation with the first transistor during the second mode includes;

providing the first transistor with the error signal in response to the mode control signal; and

generating a gate signal for inactivating the second transistor based on the mode control signal.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:

stopping the generation of at least either one of the triangular wave signal and the switching control signal in accordance with the mode control signal.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the load current changes in accordance with a difference between the monitored input voltage and the monitored output voltage.