Performing horological functions in commercial transactions using time cells

• US 7,630,941 B2
• Filed: 04/05/2005
• Issued: 12/08/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Berstis, Viktors
• Primary Examiner(s): Elisca; Pierre E
• Assistant Examiner(s): LE, NANCY LOAN T
• Application Number:
  US11/098,825
• Publication Number:
  US 20050192906A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,708 Days
• Field of Search: 705/14, 705/16, 705/17, 705/26, 705/39, 705/52, 705/63, 368/108, 368/121, 368/155, 368/86, 368/89, 726/9, 726/17, 726/18, 726/20, 726/21
• US Class Current: 705/59
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 1/005 using electronic timing, e.g. counting means pulse time delay arrangements H03K5/13; modifications of electronic switches for introducing a time delay before switching H03K17/28
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 10/10 by measuring electric or magnetic quantities changing in proportion to time

Abstract

Mechanisms for controlling a commercial transaction are presented. An article of manufacture has a time cell that is read by an electronic apparatus. In response to a determination of a state of the time cell by the electronic apparatus, usage of the article of manufacture in a commercial transaction is enabled or denied based on the determined state of the time cell. The expiration period of a time cell controls the time period during which the commercial transaction is enabled or is denied to be performed; an unexpired time cell may both enable or deny performance of a commercial transaction, and an expired time cell may also both enable or deny performance of a commercial transaction. The time cell may be used to restrict the usage period of a coupon, a promotional offer, a pre-paid service, or some other commercial transaction that involves an article of manufacture.

Claims

1. A method for performing a commercial transaction using a data processing system, the method comprising:

reading a first time cell provided in or on an article of manufacture by an electronic apparatus;

reading a second time cell provided in or on the article of manufacture by the electronic apparatus, wherein each of the first time cell and the second time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential, and wherein the electronic device discharges electrostatic charge from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a determined rate of discharge; and

in response to a determination of a state of the first time cell and the second time cell by the electronic apparatus, denying or enabling, by the data processing system, use of the article of manufacture in a commercial transaction based on the determined state of the first time cell and the second time cell, wherein the first time cell and the second time cell have different associated expiration periods by one of charging the electrostatic charge storage elements of the first time cell and second time cell with different electrical potentials, or different rates of discharge of the first time cell and second time cell.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

in response to a determination that at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell is an unexpired time cell, performing the commercial transaction.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

in response to a determination that at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell is an unexpired time cell, declining to perform the commercial transaction.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

in response to a determination that at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell is an expired time cell, declining to perform the commercial transaction.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

in response to a determination that at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell is an expired time cell, performing the commercial transaction.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

in response to a determination of the state of at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell, generating on the article of manufacture a human-perceivable indication that is associated with the state of at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein the article of manufacture represents a one-time-use coupon, the method further comprising:

providing a discount towards a purchase of a product or a service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the article of manufacture represents a one-time-use promotional offer, the method further comprising:

providing a free product or a free service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction.

9. The method of claim 2 wherein the article of manufacture represents a pre-paid service card, the method further comprising:

providing a pre-paid service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

reprogramming at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell after reading at least one of the first time cell or the second time cell by the electronic apparatus.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the electronic apparatus is at least one of a vending machine that dispenses products, a service-related apparatus that provides a service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction, or a telephony device that provides a telephony service.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time cell has a first expiration period for measuring an expiration period for the article of manufacture, and wherein the second time cell has a second expiration period for measuring an expiration period between commercial transactions by a user of the article of manufacture.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the commercial transaction is enabled only in response to the first time cell being an unexpired time cell and the second time cell being an expired time cell.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second time cell is reprogrammed after completion of the commercial transaction.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the article of manufacture is an optical disc having audio or audiovisual content encoded thereon, and wherein the method controls access to the audio or audiovisual content based on the state of the first time cell and the second time cell.

12. A computer program product comprising a storage medium for use in a data processing system for performing a commercial transaction, the computer program product comprising computer readable instructions recorded on the storage medium which, when executed by the data processing system, cause the data processing system to:

read a first time cell provided in or on an article of manufacture by an electronic apparatus;

read a second time cell provided in or on the article of manufacture by the electronic apparatus, wherein each of the first time cell and the second time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential, and wherein the electronic device discharges electrostatic charge from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a determined rate of discharge; and

deny or enable, in response to a determination of a state of the first time cell and the second time cell by the electronic apparatus, use of the article of manufacture in a commercial transaction based on the determined state of the first time cell and the second time cell, wherein the first time cell and the second time cell have different associated expiration periods by one of charging the electrostatic charge storage elements of the first time cell and second time cell with different electrical potentials, or different rates of discharge of the first time cell and second time cell.

13. The computer program product of claim 12 wherein an expiration period of the first time cell is equivalent to a validity time period for valid licensed usage of the article of manufacture.

14. The computer program product of claim 12 wherein the article of manufacture represents a one-time-use coupon, a promotional offer, a pre-paid service card, or a mechanism to control the frequency of usage of the article of manufacture, the computer program product further comprising computer readable instructions that cause the data processing system to:

determine one of a need to provide a discount towards a purchase of a product or a service, to provide a free product or a free service, or to provide a pre-paid service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction, based on the state of the first time cell and the second time cell.

15. An apparatus for supporting a commercial transaction, the apparatus comprising:

time detection unit; and

a data processing system coupled to the time detection unit, wherein;

the time detection unit is configured to read a first time cell provided in or on an article of manufacture by an electronic apparatus;

the time detection unit is further configured to read a second time cell provided in or on the article of manufacture by the electronic apparatus, wherein each of the first time cell and the second time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential, and wherein the electronic device discharges electrostatic charge from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a determined rate of discharge; and

the data processing system is configured to deny or enable, in response to a determination of a state of the first time cell and the second time cell by the electronic apparatus, use of the article of manufacture in a commercial transaction based on the determined state of the first time cell and the second time cell, wherein the first time cell and the second time cell have different associated expiration periods by one of charging the electrostatic charge storage elements of the first time cell and second time cell with different electrical potentials, or different rates of discharge of the first time cell and second time cell.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein an expiration period of the first time cell is equivalent to a validity time period for valid licensed usage of the article of manufacture.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the article of manufacture represents a one-time-use coupon, a promotional offer, a pre-paid service card, or a mechanism to control the frequency of usage of the article of manufacture, wherein:

the data processing system is configured to determine one of a need to provide a discount towards a purchase of a product or a service, to provide a free product or a free service, or to provide a pre-paid service to a person that presents the article of manufacture during the commercial transaction, based on the state of the first time cell and the second time cell.