Method for processing a machine readable ballot and ballot therefor

• US 7,635,087 B1
• Filed: 02/28/2005
• Issued: 12/22/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 10/01/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Avante International Technology
• Original Assignee: Avante International Technology
• Inventors: Chung, Kevin Kwong-Tai, Dong, Victor Jun, Shi, Xiaoming
• Primary Examiner(s): Frech; Karl D.
• Application Number:
  US11/068,034
• Time in Patent Office: 1,758 Days
• Field of Search: 235/51, 235/50.R, 235/50.A, 235/50, 235/54.F, 235/386, 235/454, 705/12
• US Class Current: 235/386
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0032 Apparatus for automatic testing and analysing marked record carriers, used for examinations of the multiple choice answer type teaching apparatus working with questions and answers G09B7/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/10 Office automation; Time management
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 13/00 Voting apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/1221 onto a wall
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/22 by structural association with other equipment or articles
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2208 associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns G06K7/00; record carrier for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/28 Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0861 using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using biological data H04L9/3231
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/12 Applying verification of the received information cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for data integrity or data verification H04L9/32
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/123 received data contents, e.g. message integrity

Abstract

A method for processing ballots having page numbers comprises imaging the ballot; determining the page numbers from the images and whether the page numbers are in a sequence. If the page numbers are in a page number sequence, then decoding the voting selections marked on the ballot.

Claims

1. A method for processing machine readable ballots comprising:

imaging each page of a plurality of ballots using an image document scanner to provide a ballot image in a pixelated format or a bitmapped format for each page of each ballot, wherein each of the plurality of ballots comprises two or more pages, each page having a page number thereon;

determining from the pixelated format or the bitmapped format ballot image the page numbers of each page of each ballot and whether the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence;

if the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence, then;

selecting a template for decoding voting selections marked on each page of each ballot responsive to the pixelated format or the bitmapped format ballot image of each page of each ballot;

decoding from the pixelated format or the bitmapped format ballot image of each page of each ballot the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot in accordance with the selected template; and

tabulating the decoded voting selections decoded from each page of each of the ballots consistent with the selected template;

whereby the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot are decoded and tabulated in accordance with a selected template.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the page number sequence for any ballot includes:

the numbers of two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

the numbers of more than two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

or the numbers of more than two pages in any order.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

determining from the page numbers of each page of each ballot irrespective of the sequence thereof whether the ballot is a complete ballot; and

if the ballot is not complete as determined from the page numbers irrespective of the sequence thereof, then rejecting the ballot.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein plural ballots and the pages thereof are in any order, and wherein ballot pages are imaged at least until pages constituting a complete ballot are imaged prior to said determining whether the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein, if the determined page numbers are not in a page number sequence, then rejecting the ballot.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein each page of each ballot has a jurisdiction identifier, and wherein the ballots are not sorted according to the jurisdiction identifier prior to said imaging, said method further comprising:

decoding the jurisdiction identifier of each page of each ballot from the image thereof; and

selecting responsive to the decoded jurisdiction identifier the template for decoding the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the jurisdiction identifier includes one or more of a bar code, a two-dimensional bar code, a prescribed font, optical character recognition (OCR) characters, alphanumeric characters, non-alphanumeric characters, and symbols.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein each page of each ballot has orientation indicia and may be in an orientation different from other ones of the pages of the ballots, and wherein the ballots are not sorted according to orientation prior to said transporting, said method further comprising:

determining from the orientation indicia the orientation of each page of each ballot;

said decoding from the image of each page of each ballot the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot in accordance with the selected template comprising decoding consistent with the determined orientation of each page of each ballot the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot in accordance with the selected template.

9. The method of claim 8:

wherein the orientation indicia include at least two orientation indicia spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of each page of the ballot;

or

wherein the orientation indicia include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, or any combination thereof;

or

wherein the orientation indicia include at least two orientation indicia spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of each page of the ballot, and include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, or any combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the document image scanner includes one or more of a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device and a commercial scanning device.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein each page of each ballot has a plurality of mark spaces in which voting selections may be made, further comprising:

determining from the image of each page of each ballot and the selected template whether the mark spaces of each page of each ballot correspond to mark spaces of the selected template,

if the mark spaces correspond, then performing said decoding voting selections and said tabulating the decoded voting selections for that page of each ballot; and

if the mark spaces do not correspond, then rejecting the ballot and not performing said decoding voting selections and said tabulating the decoded voting selections for that ballot.

12. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing the ballot image or part thereof in one or more non-volatile memories.

33. The method of claim 28 wherein said unbinding the ballot for determining and tabulating step comprises processing the ballot in accordance with the method of claim 12 wherein the images of the pages of each ballot comprise the ballot as received by facsimile transmission.

49. The method of claim 44 wherein said unbinding the ballot for determining and tabulating step comprises processing the ballot in accordance with the method of claim 12 wherein the images of the pages of each ballot comprise the ballot as received by facsimile transmission.

13. A method for processing ballots having a page number on each page thereof, and having voting selections marked thereon, said method comprising:

imaging each page of each ballot;

determining from the images of the pages of each ballot the page numbers thereof and whether the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence;

if the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence, then;

decoding the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot,

whereby the voting selections marked on each ballot are decoded in accordance irrespective of order of the pages thereof.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the page number sequence for any ballot includes:

the numbers of two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

the numbers of more than two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

or the numbers of more than two pages in any order.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

determining from the page numbers of each page of each ballot irrespective of the sequence thereof whether the ballot is a complete ballot; and

if the ballot is not complete as determined from the page numbers irrespective of the sequence thereof, then rejecting the ballot.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein plural ballots and the pages thereof are in any order, and wherein ballot pages are imaged at least until pages constituting a complete ballot are imaged prior to said determining whether the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein, if the determined page numbers are not in a page number sequence, then rejecting the ballot.

18. The method of claim 13:

wherein each ballot has a jurisdiction identifier thereon and ballots may have different jurisdiction identifiers, wherein the ballots or the pages thereof or both are not sorted according to the jurisdiction identifier prior to said transporting, and wherein said decoding is according to a ballot style corresponding to the jurisdiction identifier;

or

wherein each ballot has an orientation indicator thereon and ballots may have different orientations, wherein the ballots or the pages thereof or both are not sorted according to orientation prior to said transporting, and wherein said decoding is according to the orientation determined for each page of each ballot from the orientation indicator thereof;

or

wherein each ballot has a jurisdiction identifier and an orientation indicator thereon and ballots may have different jurisdiction identifiers or different orientations or both, wherein the ballots or the pages thereof or both are not sorted according to the jurisdiction identifier or orientation or both prior to said transporting, and wherein said decoding is according to a ballot style corresponding to the jurisdiction identifier and according to the orientation determined for each page of each ballot from the orientation indicator thereof.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein said decoding the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot is performed substantially contemporaneously with said transporting of the ballots.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein the ballots each have a corresponding unique ballot identifier, and wherein said decoding the voting selections includes decoding the corresponding unique ballot identifier;

the method further comprising;

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each ballot and the unique ballot identifier associated therewith;

or

publishing the voting selections decoded from each ballot and the corresponding unique ballot identifier decoded from that paper ballot;

or

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each ballot and the unique ballot identifier associated therewith, and publishing the voting selections decoded from each ballot and the corresponding unique ballot identifier decoded from that paper ballot.

21. The method of claim 13 further comprising storing the images of the pages of each ballot or part thereof in one or more non-volatile memories.

22. A method for processing ballots having a jurisdiction identifier and a page number on each page thereof, and having voting selections marked thereon, said method comprising:

imaging each page of each ballot;

determining from the images of the pages of the ballots and the jurisdiction identifiers and page numbers thereon the pages of each ballot;

determining from the images of the pages of each ballot the page numbers thereof and whether the determined page numbers comprise a complete page number sequence;

if the determined page numbers are a complete page number sequence, then;

decoding the voting selections marked on each page of each ballot,

whereby the voting selections marked on each ballot are decoded in accordance irrespective of order of the pages thereof.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the page number sequence for any ballot includes:

the numbers of two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

the numbers of more than two pages in increasing order or in decreasing order;

or the numbers of more than two pages in any order.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein, if the determined page numbers are not a complete page number sequence, then rejecting the ballot.

25. The method of claim 22 further comprising:

determining from the page numbers of each page of each ballot irrespective of the sequence thereof whether the ballot is a complete ballot; and

if the ballot is not complete as determined from the page numbers irrespective of the sequence thereof, then rejecting the ballot.

26. The method of claim 22 wherein plural ballots and the pages thereof are in any order, and wherein ballot pages are imaged at least until pages constituting a complete ballot are imaged prior to said determining whether the determined page numbers are in a page number sequence.

27. The method of claim 22 further comprising storing the images of the pages of the ballots or part thereof in one or more non-volatile memories.

28. A method for processing ballots comprising:

submitting a ballot and a ballot certification by facsimile transmission;

receiving the ballot and ballot certification submitted by facsimile transmission at an election computer;

binding the received ballot and ballot certification together and associating the bound ballot and ballot certification with a tracking number;

providing the ballot certification and tracking number for authentication;

if the ballot certification is not authenticated, then rejecting the ballot;

if the ballot certification is authenticated, then providing the tracking number of the authenticated ballot certification to the election computer;

in response to receiving the tracking number, unbinding the ballot for determining and tabulating the votes thereon.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein said submitting a ballot and a ballot certification by facsimile transmission comprises:

submitting the ballot and ballot certification utilizing a paper ballot and a paper certification transmitted via a facsimile machine;

submitting the ballot and ballot certification by a ballot and a certification encoded in a facsimile machine format by a computer;

or both of the foregoing.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein said submitting a ballot and a ballot certification by facsimile transmission comprises one or more of:

submitting a ballot and a ballot certification by the same facsimile transmission and submitting a ballot and a ballot certification by separate facsimile transmissions.

31. The method of claim 28 wherein said providing the ballot certification and tracking number for authentication comprises accumulating the ballot certifications and tracking numbers for a plurality of ballots submitted by facsimile transmission, and then providing the ballot certifications and tracking numbers for all of the accumulated ballots as a group for authentication.

32. The method of claim 28 wherein said providing the tracking number of the authenticated ballot certification to the election computer comprises accumulating the tracking numbers for a plurality of authenticated certifications, and then providing the tracking numbers for all of the authenticated ballots as a group for determining and tabulating the votes thereon.

34. The method of claim 28 further comprising storing the received ballot and ballot certification or part thereof in one or more non-volatile memories.

35. A machine-readable plural page ballot for automated processing comprising:

a ballot including plural ballot pages, wherein the plural ballot pages are on one side of plural ballot sheets, are on both sides of one or more ballot sheets, or are on a combination thereof,

each ballot page having a ballot identifier region having a machine-readable ballot identifier therein and each ballot page having a machine readable page number thereon, wherein the ballot identifier and page numbers define the style and number of pages of one complete ballot,

one or more of said ballot pages also having a plurality of contest regions thereon, each contest region having two or more mark spaces therein for making voting selections, wherein the contest regions correspond to contests in a jurisdiction represented by the ballot identifier.

36. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein one of the mark spaces of the contest regions represents an abstention selection.

37. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 36 wherein the mark space representing an abstention selection includes a mark space for one or more of a “

no vote,”

an “

abstain,” and

a “

skip contest”

selection.

38. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein the ballot identifier includes one or more of a bar code, a two-dimensional bar code, a prescribed font, optical character recognition (OCR) characters, alphanumeric characters, non-alphanumeric characters, and symbols.

39. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein machine readable includes optically readable, wherein the ballot identifier, the page numbers and the mark spaces are optically readable.

40. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein the ballot identifier defines to any two or more of a country, a state, a county, a city, a town, a municipality, a voting precinct, a voting district, a voting ward, a polling location, and a political party.

41. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein the ballot identifier further includes a unique ballot identifier, and wherein the ballot identifier and the unique ballot identifier are not related to the identity of any individual voter.

42. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein a plurality of mark spaces are provided for each voting selection of at least one contest, wherein the plurality of mark spaces for each voting selection are for any one or more of cumulative voting, ranked voting, and instant run-off voting.

43. The machine-readable plural page ballot of claim 35 wherein each page has two or more fiducial marks thereon:

wherein said two or more fiducial marks include at least two orientation indicia spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of said ballot sheet;

or

wherein said two or more fiducial marks include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof;

or

wherein said two or more fiducial marks include at least two orientation indicia spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of said ballot sheet and include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof.

44. A method for processing ballots comprising:

receiving at an election computer a ballot and a ballot certification submitted by facsimile transmission;

binding the received ballot and ballot certification together and associating the bound ballot and ballot certification with a tracking number;

providing the ballot certification and tracking number for authentication;

if the ballot certification is not authenticated, then rejecting the ballot;

if the ballot certification is authenticated, then providing the tracking number of the authenticated ballot certification to the election computer;

in response to receiving the tracking number, unbinding the ballot for determining and tabulating the votes thereon.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein said receiving a ballot and a ballot certification by facsimile transmission comprises:

receiving a ballot and as ballot certification transmitted via a facsimile machine utilizing a paper ballot and a paper certification;

receiving a ballot and a ballot certification encoded in a facsimile machine format by a computer;

or both of the foregoing.

46. The method of claim 44 wherein said receiving a ballot and a ballot certification by facsimile transmission comprises one or more of:

receiving a ballot and a ballot certification by the same facsimile transmission;

receiving a ballot and a ballot certification by separate facsimile transmissions;

or both.

47. The method of claim 44 wherein said providing the ballot certification and tracking number for authentication comprises accumulating the ballot certifications and tracking numbers for a plurality of ballots submitted by facsimile transmission, and then providing the ballot certifications and tracking numbers for all of the accumulated ballots as a group for authentication.

48. The method of claim 44 wherein said providing the tracking number of the authenticated ballot certification to the election computer comprises accumulating the tracking numbers for a plurality of authenticated certifications, and then providing the tracking numbers for all of the authenticated ballots as a group for determining and tabulating the votes thereon.

50. The method of claim 44 further comprising storing the received ballot and ballot certification or part thereof in one or more non-volatile memories.