Configurations and methods of acid gas removal

• US 7,637,987 B2
• Filed: 12/11/2003
• Issued: 12/29/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 12/12/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fluor Enterprises Incorporated (Fluor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fluor Technologies Corporation (Fluor Corporation)
• Inventors: Mak, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith; Duane
• Assistant Examiner(s): WU, IVES J
• Application Number:
  US10/511,408
• Publication Number:
  US 20050172807A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,210 Days
• Field of Search: 952/63, 952/66, 952/35, 952/36, 951/60, 951/63, 951/64, 951/69, 951/72, 951/75, 423/223, 423/224, 423/226, 423/232, 423/234, 962/34
• US Class Current: 95/160
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1425 Regeneration of liquid absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1456 Removing acid components
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1462 Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1493 Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2

Abstract

A plant includes a vacuum stripper (118) that receives a lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent (32) and in which substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas (51,52) is provided by at least one of a high-pressure flash vessel (110) and a medium pressure flash vessel (112). Contemplated configurations advantageously extend the range of use for physical solvents to treat sour gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and can be used to meet most pipeline specification of 4 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

Claims

1. A plant comprising:

a solvent source that is configured to provide a carbon dioxide-depleted lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent;

a vacuum stripper coupled to the solvent source and configured to produce an ultra-lean physical solvent from the carbon dioxide-depleted hydrogen sulfide-containing lean physical solvent; and

at least one of a high-pressure flash vessel and a medium pressure flash vessel coupled via respective conduits to the vacuum stripper, wherein the conduits and the at least one of the high-pressure flash vessel and the medium pressure flash vessel are configured to provide a substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas from the at least one of the high-pressure flash vessel and the medium pressure flash vessel to the vacuum stripper.

2. The plant of claim 1 further comprising an absorber that is configured to receive the ultra-lean physical solvent and that is further configured to operate with an isothermal gradient or with a decreasing top-to-bottom thermal gradient.

3. The plant of claim 2 wherein the absorber is configured to receive a feed gas that comprises at least 10 mol % carbon dioxide and at least 500 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

4. The plant of claim 3 wherein the feed gas has a pressure of at least 1000 psig.

5. The plant of claim 4 wherein the feed gas is at least partially dehydrated, and wherein the at least partially dehydrated feed gas is further cooled by a rich solvent.

6. The plant of claim 1 wherein the lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent comprises at least 100 ppm hydrogen sulfide, and wherein the ultra-lean physical solvent comprises less than 100 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

7. The plant of claim 6 wherein the ultra-lean solvent comprises less than 10 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

8. The plant of claim 1 wherein the lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, n-methyl pyrolidone, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, and tributyl phosphate.

9. The plant of claim 1 wherein the substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas comprises at least 95 mol % carbon dioxide.

10. The plant of claim 1 wherein the solvent source comprises a separator in which acid gas is separated from a rich solvent, thereby producing the lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent, and wherein the plant is further configured such that part of the acid gas can be compressed and injected into a formation.

11. The plant of claim 10 wherein the vacuum stripper further produces a second acid gas that is combined with the acid gas from the separator.

12. A method of producing an ultra-lean physical solvent, comprising:

separating in at least one of a high-pressure flash vessel and a medium pressure flash vessel a substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas from a physical solvent;

further reducing pressure in the physical solvent to remove carbon dioxide and to so form a carbon dioxide-depleted lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent; and

feeding the substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas into a vacuum stripper to thereby strip hydrogen sulfide from the carbon dioxide-depleted lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent in the vacuum stripper to so form the ultra-lean physical solvent; and

feeding the ultra-lean physical solvent to an absorber, and operating the absorber with an isothermal gradient or with a decreasing top-to-bottom thermal gradient.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising a step of feeding a feed gas to the absorber at a pressure of at least 1000 psig, wherein the feed gas comprises at least 10 mol % carbon dioxide and at least 500 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, n-methyl pyrolidone, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, and tributyl phosphate.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein the substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas comprises at least 95 mol % carbon dioxide.

16. A method of producing an ultra-lean physical solvent, comprising:

producing in an absorber an acid gas enriched physical solvent;

separating in at least one of a high-pressure flash vessel and a medium pressure flash vessel a substantially hydrogen sulfide-free flashed hydrocarbon vapor from the acid gas enriched physical solvent to so produce a flashed solvent;

recycling one portion of the substantially hydrogen sulfide-free flashed hydrocarbon vapor to the absorber, and using another portion of the substantially hydrogen sulfide-free flashed hydrocarbon vapor as a stripping gas;

further reducing pressure of the flashed solvent and separating the pressure-reduced flashed solvent into a carbon dioxide stream and a carbon dioxide-depleted lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent; and

stripping hydrogen sulfide from the carbon dioxide-depleted lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent in a vacuum stripper using the stripping gas to so form the ultra-lean physical solvent.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of separating is performed in the high-pressure flash vessel and the medium pressure flash vessel.