Fuel cell system with fuel supply monitoring system and method of use

• US 7,642,742 B2
• Filed: 08/02/2005
• Issued: 01/05/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/01/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intelligent Energy Limited (Lb-shell Plc)
• Original Assignee: Societe BIC
• Inventors: Curello, Andrew J., Loonis, Charles, Than, Hung T.
• Primary Examiner(s): TSO, EDWARD H
• Application Number:
  US11/196,685
• Publication Number:
  US 20060019135A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,617 Days
• Field of Search: 320/101, 320/116, 320/150, 429/12, 429/19, 429/20, 429/21
• US Class Current: 320/101
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00782 reprogrammmable code
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/30 Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04186 of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04201 Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04208 Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04313 characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0432 Temperature; Ambient temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04373 of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04388 of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04425 at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/10 Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell includes a removable and replaceable fuel supply having fuel disposed therein. A system for monitoring various parameters of the fuel such as temperature, pressure, and the levels of dissolved oxygen is provided. A plurality of sensors is disposed on the fuel supply side that is capable of communicating with a controller and memory on the fuel cell side. In another embodiment, at least one sensor for measuring a system parameter of the fuel communicates with an RFID tag either remotely or via a hardwired link. The sensor and/or the RFID tag may be coated with a substance impervious to the caustic fuel. An RFID reader station collects the data. The controller may be included to use the data in real time to alter system parameters, such as fuel pumping rates or a bleed off, or to trigger a signal, such as to notify a user of an empty fuel supply.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for a fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell having a controller;

a fuel supply coupled to the fuel cell, wherein the fuel supply contains primarily fuel cell fuel;

a plurality of sensors operatively connected to the fuel supply; and

a sensor communication link connecting the sensors and the controller.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising an information storage device operatively connected to either or both the fuel cell and the controller.

3. The system of claim 2 further comprising an information communication link connecting the controller and the information storage device.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the information storage device comprises a memory chip or an EEPROM.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein the information storage device comprises an RFID tag, and further comprising an RFID reader station, wherein the RFID reader station is disposed in proximity to the RFID tag.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensors transmits data to the RFID tag.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the sensor is hardwired to the RFID tag to form a RFID package.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the RFID package is suspended within the fuel.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the RFID package is disposed on a surface of the fuel supply.

10. The system of claim 5, wherein the RFID tag is operatively coupled to additional memory for storing the data.

11. The system of claim 5, wherein the RFID tag is encased in a material inert to a fuel.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the material comprises at least one of silicone oxide, xylylene, polyethylene terephthalate, silicon coated polyethylene terephthalatepolyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), EVOH bonded to a polyester substrate, polyvinylidene chloride copolymers (PVDC or Saran), nylon resins, fluoro-polymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), poly(trimethlylene terephthalate) (PTT), resorcinol copolymers, liquid crystal polymers, aliphatic polyketones (PK), polyurethane, polyimide, and blends and copolymers of these materials.

13. The system of claim 5, wherein the RFID tag reader station is disposed on the fuel supply.

14. The system of claim 5, wherein the RFID tag reader station is disposed on the fuel cell.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor communication link comprises an electrical conduit, an RF transmission, magnetic induction, or combinations thereof.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a timing circuit, a strain gauge, a fuel gauge, a piezoelectric sensor, force sensor, an accelerometer, or combinations thereof.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the fuel gauge comprises a thermistor, a thermocouple, an inductive sensor, or combinations thereof.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensors are located on a chip.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensors are removably insertable into the fuel supply.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensors are located within or on a fuel supply housing.

21. The system of claim 1, further comprising

a light source operatively connected to the controller;

and

at least one photodetector operatively connected to the controller, wherein the plurality of sensors are optical sensors.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the optical sensors comprise interferometers, Michelson sensors, Fabry-Perot sensors, or combinations thereof.

23. A fuel supply for a fuel cell comprising:

a container, wherein the container contains primarily fuel cell fuel;

at least one sensor for monitoring a condition of the fuel; and

an RFID tag, wherein the RFID tag is configured to communicate with the sensor and be interrogated by an RFID reader station.

24. The fuel supply of claim 23, wherein the RFID tag is operatively coupled to additional memory for storing the data.

25. The fuel supply of claim 23, wherein the RFID tag is encased in a material inert to the fuel.

26. The fuel supply of claim 25, wherein the material comprises wherein the material comprises silicone oxide, xylylene, polyethylene terephthalate, silicon coated polyethylene terephthalatepolyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), EVOH bonded to a polyester substrate, polyvinylidene chloride copolymers (PVDC or Saran), nylon resins, fluoro-polymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), poly(trimethlylene terephthalate) (PTT), resorcinol copolymers, liquid crystal polymers, aliphatic polyketones (PK), polyurethane, polyimide, or blends and copolymers of these materials.

27. The fuel supply of claim 23, wherein the RFID tag is suspended within the fuel.

28. The fuel supply of claim 23, wherein the RFID tag is affixed to a surface of the container.

29. The fuel supply of claim 23, wherein the container comprises a metal material.

30. The fuel supply of claim 29, wherein the RFID tag is separated from the surface of the container by a minimum distance.

31. The fuel supply of claim 30, wherein the minimum distance is about 5 mm.

32. The fuel supply of claim 29, wherein the RFID tag is separated from the surface of the container by an insulating material.

33. The fuel supply of claim 32, wherein the insulating material comprises ferrite.

34. A method for monitoring a condition of a fuel supply comprising the steps of:

(i) providing a fuel supply primarily containing a fuel cell fuel; and

(ii)collecting data regarding at least one condition of the fuel supply using a plurality of sensors.

(iii) relaying the information from the sensor to a controller; and

(iv) storing the information in an information storage device, wherein the plurality of sensors is located in the fuel supply and the information storage device is located remotely from the fuel supply.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein step (ii) further comprises collecting information from an RFID tag operatively connected to at least one sensor.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprising the steps of

(v) interrogating the RFID tag;

and

(vi) transferring data from the RFID tag to the controller.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the transferring of data in step (vi) occurs upon intial connection of the fuel supply and the controller.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein the data is software.

39. The method of claim 36, wherein the data comprises calibration tables.

40. The method of claim 34, further comprising the steps of

(v) interrogating the plurality of sensors;

(vi) comparing the data collected from the plurality of sensors to control data; and

(vii) altering a system parameter based upon differences between the collected data and the control data.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the system parameter comprises a fuel pumping rate, a state of a bleed-off valve, a fuel level monitor, or combinations thereof.