Multicast routing over unidirectional links

• US 7,646,739 B2
• Filed: 04/05/2005
• Issued: 01/12/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/05/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Farinacci, Dino, Wijnands, Ijsbrand, Previdi, Stefano
• Primary Examiner(s): Mattis; Jason E
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chery; Dady
• Application Number:
  US11/099,245
• Publication Number:
  US 20060221962A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,743 Days
• Field of Search: 370/390, 370/351, 370/389, 370/392, 370/471, 370/238, 370/312, 370/432, 370/397, 370/395.3, 370/395.31, 709/217, 709/221, 709/238
• US Class Current: 370/312
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1836 with heterogeneous network architecture
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/5692 Selection among different networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/16 Multipoint routing

Abstract

Various systems and methods are disclosed for performing multicast routing over unidirectional links. For example, one method involves maintaining a multicast adjacency state, which is associated with an interface that is coupled to receive messages from a network device via a unidirectional link. The multicast adjacency state identifies a network address of the network device. The method also involves sending a multicast protocol control message to the network device via a bidirectional path. The destination address of the network multicast protocol control message is the network address in the multicast adjacency state.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving, from a network device, a first multicast protocol control message via a unidirectional link, wherein

the first multicast protocol control message is a multicast protocol hello message;

in response to receiving the first multicast protocol control message, extracting addressing information from the first multicast protocol control message;

storing the extracted addressing information in a multicast adjacency state, wherein

the multicast adjacency state is associated with an interface coupled to receive messages from the network device via the unidirectional link, wherein

the extracted addressing information identifies a network address of the network device; and

sending a second multicast protocol control message to the network device via a bidirectional path, wherein

a destination address of the second network multicast protocol control message is the network address in the multicast adjacency state and

the second multicast protocol control message is sent in response to the first multicast protocol control message.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising

maintaining a multicast Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) routing table entry associated with the interface, wherein

the maintaining comprises storing metric information in the multicast adjacency state, and

the metric information identifies a finite efficiency associated with a route that comprises the unidirectional link.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

maintaining a unicast routing table entry associated with the interface, wherein

the maintaining the unicast routing table entry comprises storing metric information in the unicast routing table entry, and

the metric information identifies an infinite cost associated with the route that comprises the unidirectional link.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein

the extracting the addressing information from the first multicast protocol control message comprises extracting the addressing information from a body of the first multicast protocol control message, and

the addressing information comprises the network address, and

the network address is a unicast address associated with the network device.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein

the network address is a loopback address.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining a second multicast RPF routing table entry, wherein the second multicast RPF routing table entry is maintained by the network device, wherein

the second multicast RPF routing table entry is associated with a second interface coupled to send messages from the network device via the unidirectional link, and

the second multicast RPF routing table entry identifies that an infinite cost is associated with a route that comprises the unidirectional link.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast protocol hello message comprises:

a header comprising

a source address of a send-only interface,

a destination address of at least one multicast-capable device; and

a message body comprising

a loopback address of the network device.

8. A system comprising:

a first network device;

a second network device;

a unidirectional link coupling the first network device to the second network device; and

a bidirectional path coupling the first network device to the second network device, wherein

the second network device is configured to;

receive a multicast protocol control message sent from the first network device via the unidirectional link, wherein

the multicast protocol control message is a multicast protocol hello message;

extract a unicast destination address from the multicast protocol control message received via the unidirectional link; and

send a reply message, in response to receipt of the multicast protocol control message via the unidirectional link;

a destination address of the reply message is the unicast destination address extracted from the multicast protocol control message, and

the reply message is sent to the first network device via the bidirectional path.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein

the first network device is configured to verify that the reply message is received from the second network device by accessing a routing database.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein

the second network device is configured to extract the addressing information from a source address field of the multicast protocol control message, and

the source address field stores a loopback address associated with the first network device.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein

the second network device is configured to extract the addressing information from a field within the body of the multicast protocol control message.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein

the second network device is configured to maintain a multicast RPF routing table entry that is associated with the unidirectional link,

the multicast RPF routing table entry identifies that a finite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link,

the second network device is configured to maintain a unicast routing table entry that corresponds to the unidirectional link, and

the unicast routing table entry identifies that an infinite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein

the first network device is configured to maintain a multicast RPF routing table entry that is associated with the unidirectional link,

the multicast RPF routing table entry identifies that an infinite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link,

the first network device is configured to maintain a unicast routing table entry that corresponds to the unidirectional link, and

the unicast routing table entry identifies that a finite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link.

14. A network device comprising:

a send-only interface configured to be coupled to a unidirectional link;

a multicast RPF routing table entry corresponding to the send-only interface, wherein

the multicast RPF routing table entry comprises a first metric, and

the first metric identifies an infinite efficiency associated with a route comprising the unidirectional link, wherein

the infinite efficiency indicates that the route is not used for multicast RPF routing; and

a unicast routing table entry corresponding to the send-only interface, wherein the unicast routing table entry comprises a second metric, and

the second metric identifies that a finite efficiency is associated with the route comprising the unidirectional link, wherein

the finite efficiency indicates that the route is used for unicast routing.

15. The network device of claim 14, further comprising a routing module, wherein

the routing module is configured to provide a unicast destination address to a receive-only network device.

16. The network device of claim 15, further comprising a bidirectional interface, wherein

the routing module is configured to provide the unicast destination address to the receive-only network device by sending a routing advertisement identifying the unicast destination address from the bidirectional interface.

17. The network device of claim 15, wherein

the routing module is configured to provide the unicast destination address to the receive-only network device by sending a hello message from the unidirectional interface, wherein

the hello message comprises the unicast destination address.

18. A network device comprising:

a receive-only interface configured to receive messages from a unidirectional link;

a bidirectional interface configured to send and receive messages on a bidirectional link; and

a routing module coupled to the receive-only interface and to the bidirectional interface, wherein

the routing module is configured to extract a unicast destination address from a first multicast protocol control message received via the receive-only interface, wherein

the first multicast protocol control message is a multicast protocol hello message,

the routing module is configured to send a second multicast protocol control message from the bidirectional interface,

the second multicast protocol control message is sent in response to the first multicast protocol control message, and

a destination address of the second multicast protocol control message is the unicast destination address extracted from the first multicast protocol control message.

19. The network device of claim 18, wherein

the routing module is configured to maintain a multicast RPF routing table entry that is associated with the unidirectional link,

the multicast RPF routing table entry identifies that a finite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link,

the routing module is configured to maintain a unicast routing table entry that corresponds to the unidirectional link, and

the unicast routing table entry identifies that an infinite efficiency is associated with the unidirectional link.

20. A system comprising:

means for extracting addressing information from a first multicast protocol control message, wherein

the first multicast protocol control message is a multicast protocol hello message;

means for storing the extracted addressing information in a multicast adjacency state, wherein

the multicast adjacency state is associated with an interface coupled to receive messages from a network device via a unidirectional link, wherein

the multicast adjacency state identifies a network address of the network device; and

means for sending a second multicast protocol control message to the network device via a bidirectional path, wherein

a destination address of the second network multicast protocol control message is the network address in the multicast adjacency state, and

the second multicast protocol control message is sent in response to the first multicast protocol control message.