Disposable component on a fuel cartridge and for use with a portable fuel cell system

• US 7,648,792 B2
• Filed: 05/02/2006
• Issued: 01/19/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Advent Technologies LLC (Adaptive Ad Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: UltraCell Corporation (Bren-Tronics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kaye, Ian W., Kaschmitter, James L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan; Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wang; Eugenia
• Application Number:
  US11/416,785
• Publication Number:
  US 20060257707A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,358 Days
• Field of Search: 429/26, 429/34, 220/4.12, 220/371
• US Class Current: 429/424
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04216 characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0687 Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A portable cartridge that stores a fuel for use with a fuel cell system includes one or more disposable components for use by the fuel cell system. The disposable component may be included on a fuel cartridge, but used by a fuel cell system when the cartridge and a package that includes the system are coupled together. The disposable component may include: an inlet filter that regulates passage of gases and liquids into the fuel system, an outlet filter that cleans fuel cell system exhaust gases, a sensor on the inlet air stream to the fuel cell system; a sensor on the exhaust; a desiccant that sinks moisture from within the fuel cell system package; or a fuel absorbent that soaks fuel between connectors on the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell system.

Claims

1. A portable fuel cartridge for storing a fuel for use in a portable device having a portable fuel cell system, the portable fuel cartridge comprising:

an elongated housing having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width;

a volume internal to the housing for storing the fuel;

an elongated mechanical connector coupled to the housing that extends along the elongated length side of the housing, the mechanical connector being configured suitably to facilitate fastening the housing to an outside wall of the portable device along a length of the connector such that the fuel cartridge is positioned external to the portable device along a side of the portable device and is not received within the portable device;

a fuel connector configured to permit transfer of the fuel between the internal volume and the portable fuel cell system; and

an air filter distinct from the elongated mechanical connector, proximate to the mechanical connector and mechanically coupled to the housing, configured to intercept cooling air before the portable device receives the air,

wherein the portable fuel cartridge is configured to guide air intended for delivery to the portable device through the air filter and through the connector such that filtered air is delivered to the portable device.

2. The cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of intake vents disposed along the length of the housing that permit air passage through a wall in the housing before passage through the air filter, such that the air flows into the plurality of vents in the housing and flows through the filter and the mechanical connector before entering the portable device.

3. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cartridge further comprises an outer assembly attached to the housing and configured to support the air filter and the housing, wherein the outer assembly has an elongated shape with a length and a width, wherein the outer assembly length is substantially larger than the outer assembly width, wherein the outer assembly includes a plurality of intake vents disposed along the length of the outer assembly, the plurality of vents being arranged such that the air enters the plurality of vents and flows through the filter and through the mechanical connector before entering the portable device.

4. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the air filter is disposed on a side of the portable cartridge that faces the portable device when the portable cartridge couples to the portable device, such that the cooling air is drawn from a region substantially between the portable device and the cartridge.

5. The cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a hydrophobic filter configured to prevent the passage of water through the hydrophobic filter.

6. The cartridge of claim 5 wherein the hydrophobic filter is disposed adjacent to the air filter to prevent water from passing through the air filter.

7. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the air filter is also a hydrophobic filter that is configured to prevent the passage of water through the hydrophobic filter.

8. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the portable fuel cell system includes a fuel processor configured to process the fuel and output hydrogen, and wherein the air filter is selected to intercept a particulate or contaminant that will react with a catalyst or block a fluidic path in the fuel processor.

9. The cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a sensor disposed along the inlet airflow of the cartridge to detect one or more properties of the inlet air.

10. The cartridge of claim 9 wherein the sensor is selected to detect carbon monoxide.

11. The cartridge of claim 1 further including a pressure source, internal to the portable device, that is configured to apply a negative pressure to the air filter on the cartridge to draw air through the air filter.

12. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the air filter is directly and mechanically coupled to the housing.

13. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein the mechanical connector is a slide interface that interfaces with a mating groove on the portable device.

14. A portable fuel cell system for producing electrical energy, the fuel cell system comprising:

a portable device that includes a fuel cell; and

an elongated portable fuel cartridge having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width, said elongated portable fuel cartridge including

an elongated housing,

a volume internal to the housing for storing a fuel,

an elongated mechanical connector coupled to the housing that extends along an elongated side of the housing, the mechanical connector being configured suitably to fasten the housing to an outside wall of the portable device along a length of the connector such that the fuel cartridge is positioned external to the portable device along a side of the portable device;

a fuel connector configured to permit transfer of the fuel between the internal volume and the portable fuel cell system, and

an air filter, distinct from the elongated mechanical connector, configured to intercept air before the portable device receives the air,

wherein the portable fuel cartridge is configured to guide air intended for delivery to the portable device through a plurality of intake vents disposed along the length of the elongated portable fuel cartridge, and thereafter through the air filter and through the connector such that filtered air is delivered to the portable device, and wherein the portable device includes air channels that are configured to guide cooling air over external portions of the fuel cell.

15. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 further including an air source, internal to the portable device, configured to draw air through the air filter on the portable fuel cartridge.

16. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 wherein filtered air output by the air filter is provided into the fuel cell for electrochemical energy generation in the fuel cell.

17. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 further comprising one or more fans or blowers configured to cool the fuel cell using filtered air output by the air filter.

18. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 further including a second air filter, included with the portable device that is configured to intercept filtered air output from the air filter on the cartridge before the filtered air flows internal to the portable device.

19. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 further including a pressure source, internal to the portable device, that is configured to apply a negative pressure to the air filter on the cartridge to draw air through the air filter.

20. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 wherein the portable fuel cell system includes a fuel processor configured to receive the fuel, process the fuel, and output hydrogen.

21. The portable fuel cell system of claim 20 wherein the filtered air is provided into the fuel processor for catalytic processing of the fuel.

22. The portable fuel cell system of claim 21 further comprising a regenerator configured to heat the filtered air before the fuel processor receives the filtered air.

23. The portable fuel cell system of claim 14 further comprising a sensor disposed along the inlet airflow to detect one or more properties of the inlet air.

24. The portable fuel cell system of claim 23 wherein the sensor is selected to detect carbon monoxide.

25. A portable fuel cell system for producing electrical energy, the fuel cell system comprising:

a portable device that includes a fuel cell having;

at least one heat transfer appendage at least partially arranged external to the fuel cell; and

an elongated portable fuel cartridge having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width, said elongated portable cartridge including

an elongated housing having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width,

a volume internal to the housing for storing a fuel,

an elongated mechanical connector coupled to the housing that extends along the elongated length side of the housing, the mechanical connector being configured suitably to fasten the housing to an outside wall of the portable device along a length of the connector such that the fuel cartridge is positioned external to the portable device along a side of the portable device;

a fuel connector configured to permit transfer of the fuel between the internal volume and the portable device, and

an air filter distinct from the elongated mechanical connector configured to intercept cooling air before the portable device receives the air,

wherein the portable fuel cartridge is configured to guide air through the air filter of the cartridge and through the outside wall of the portable device, and wherein the portable device includes air channels configured to guide cooling air over the heat transfer appendage of the fuel cell.

26. The portable fuel cell system of claim 25 further comprising:

a plurality of vents disposed along the length of the elongated portable fuel cartridge that permit air passage through a wall in the housing before passage through the air filter;

an outer assembly attached to the housing and configured to support the air filter and the housing, wherein the outer assembly has an elongated shape with a length and a width, wherein the outer assembly length is substantially larger than the outer assembly width, wherein a plurality of intake vents are included in the outer assembly the plurality of intake vents being disposed along the length axis of the outer assembly and arranged such that the cooling air enters the plurality of outer assembly intake vents and flows through the filter and the elongated mechanical connector before entering the portable device.

27. The portable fuel cell system of claim 25 wherein the air filter is also a hydrophobic filter that is configured to prevent the passage of water through the hydrophobic filter.

28. The portable fuel cell system of claim 25 wherein the portable fuel cell system includes a fuel processor configured to process the fuel and output hydrogen, and wherein the air filter is selected to intercept a particulate or contaminant that will react with a catalyst or block a fluidic path in the fuel processor.

29. The portable fuel cell system of claim 25 wherein the mechanical connector is a slide interface that interfaces with a mating groove on the portable device.

30. A portable fuel cell system for producing electrical energy, the fuel cell system comprising:

a portable device that includes a fuel cell including a fuel cell stack that is configured to produce electrical energy using hydrogen output by a fuel processor, the fuel cell stack includes a set of bi-polar plates and a set of membrane electrode assembly layers, where each bi-polar plate in the stack comprises i) a substrate, and ii) at least one heat transfer appendage in material continuity with the substrate and at least partially arranged external to the fuel cell stack, wherein the heat transfer appendage and substrate are formed from a single sheet of material; and

an elongated portable fuel cartridge having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width, said elongated portable fuel cartridge including

an elongated housing having a length and a width, wherein the length is substantially larger than the width,

a volume internal to the housing for storing a fuel,

an elongated mechanical connector coupled to the housing that extends along the elongated length side of the housing, the mechanical connector being configured suitably to fasten the housing to an outside wall of the portable device along a length of the connector such that the fuel cartridge is positioned external to the portable device along a side of the portable device;

a fuel connector configured to permit transfer of the fuel between the internal volume and the portable device, and

an air filter distinct from the elongated mechanical connector configured to intercept cooling air before the portable device receives the air,

wherein the portable fuel cartridge is configured to guide air through a plurality of intake vents disposed along the length of the elongated portable fuel cartridge, and thereafter through the air filter and into the portable device, and wherein the portable device is configured to guide cooling air over the heat transfer appendages of the fuel cell.

31. The portable fuel cell system of claim 30 further including an air source, internal to the portable device, configured to draw air through the air filter on the portable fuel cartridge.

32. The portable fuel cell system of claim 30 further including a second air filter, included with the portable device that is configured to intercept filtered air output from the air filter on the cartridge before the filtered air flows into the portable device.