Redox shuttle for overdischarge protection in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
First Claim
1. A battery comprising a plurality of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each comprising a negative electrode;
- a negative electrode current collector;
a positive electrode;
a positive electrode current collector; and
an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle, wherein the negative electrode has a larger irreversible first cycle capacity loss than the positive electrode, the redox chemical shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, the negative current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential, and wherein the redox chemical shuttle comprises an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group.
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Abstract
A battery of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each of which contains a negative electrode; a negative electrode current collector; a positive electrode; a positive electrode current collector; and an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle. The negative electrode has a larger i rreversible first cycle capacity loss than that of the positive electrode, and is driven to a potential above that of the positive electrode if the cell is discharged to a state of cell reversal. The shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, and prevents the negative electrode potential from reaching even higher and more destructive positive values during overdischarge. The current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential. The battery chemically limits or eliminates cell damage due to repeated overdischarge, and may operate without electronic overdischarge protection circuitry.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A battery comprising a plurality of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each comprising a negative electrode;
- a negative electrode current collector;
a positive electrode;
a positive electrode current collector; and
an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle, wherein the negative electrode has a larger irreversible first cycle capacity loss than the positive electrode, the redox chemical shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, the negative current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential, and wherein the redox chemical shuttle comprises an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
- a negative electrode current collector;
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17. An electrical device comprising a) and electrical load and b) a battery comprising a plurality of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each comprising a negative electrode;
- a negative electrode current collector;
a positive electrode;
a positive electrode current collector; and
an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle, wherein the negative electrode has a larger irreversible first cycle capacity loss than that of the positive electrode, the redox chemical shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, the negative current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential, and wherein the redox chemical shuttle comprises an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
- a negative electrode current collector;
Specification