Thermography camera configured for gas leak detection

• US 7,649,174 B2
• Filed: 02/11/2008
• Issued: 01/19/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Teledyne FLIR LLC (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: FLIR Systems, Inc. (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Inventors: Mammen, Charles H., Benson, Robert G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta; David P
• Assistant Examiner(s): Taningco; Marcus H
• Application Number:
  US12/069,482
• Publication Number:
  US 20090200466A1
• Time in Patent Office: 708 Days
• Field of Search: 250/330, 250/338.1, 374/4, 374/10, 348/E5.09, 382/260
• US Class Current: 250/330
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10016 Video; Image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10048 Infrared image
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/50 using two or more images, e.g. averaging or subtraction
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/12 responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/16 Combustible gas alarms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2101/00 Still video cameras
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3253 Position information, e.g. geographical position at time of capture, GPS data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3254 Orientation, e.g. landscape or portrait; Location or order of the image data, e.g. in memory
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3267 of motion picture signals, e.g. video clip
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A portable thermography camera system (100) renders a video image of a survey scene over a narrow spectral bandwidth corresponding with an absorption band of a gas to be detected in the video image. The camera system forms a scene image onto a focal plane array (108) and generates a corrected image signal (162) corresponding with irradiance values at a plurality of locations of the scene image. The camera system further generates a temporally filtered image signal (168) corresponding with a temporal characteristics of the image signal (162) over a selected number of prior image frames. A difference block (166) reduces the temporally filtered image signal (168) by a scaling factor and produces a difference image by subtracting the scaled temporally filtered image signal from the corrected image signal (162). The displayed difference signal improves the visibility of the gas to be detected.

Claims

1. A camera system comprising:

means for generating a corrected scene image signal comprising a series of signals corresponding with irradiance values at a plurality of locations of a scene image;

means for refreshing the corrected scene image signal at a video frame refresh rate;

a temporal filter memory for storing a temporally filtered scene image therein, said temporally filtered scene image comprising image signals corresponding with a temporal characteristic of irradiance values at each of the plurality of locations of the scene image over a selected time period;

a temporal filter for receiving the corrected scene image and the temporally filtered scene image therein, for comparing the corrected scene image with the temporally filtered scene image, and for updating the temporally filtered scene image according to a temporal weighting factor based on a difference between corrected image signal values and temporally filtered image signal values and for storing an updated temporally filtered scene image in the temporal filter memory; and

,

an image difference calculator for receiving the corrected scene image signal and the updated temporally filtered scene image signal therein, for scaling the updated temporally filtered scene image signal by a scaling factor and for subtracting the scaled updated temporally filtered scene image from the corrected scene image to generate a difference scene image signal comprising a series of image signals corresponding with each of the plurality of locations of the scene image.

2. The camera system of claim 1 further comprising a display device for displaying the difference image.

3. The camera system of claim 2 wherein the image difference calculator includes multiplier block which multiplies the update temporally filtered scene image by the scaling factor and wherein the scaling factor ranges from 0.0 to 1.0.

4. The camera system of claim 3 wherein the scaling factor ranges from 0.25 to 0.75.

5. The camera system of claim 3 wherein the scaling factor is selectable according to a user input command.

6. The camera system of claim 5 wherein the means for generating the corrected scene image signal comprises:

a lens element for collecting radiation from a survey scene and forming the scene image at a focal plane of the lens element;

an image sensor comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed in the focal plane of the lens element, wherein the location of each photosensitive element corresponds with one of the plurality of locations of the scene image and further wherein each photosensitive element generates an analog signal in proportion to an irradiance value at one of the plurality of locations of the scene image;

an analog to digital converter for converting the analog signal of each photosensitive element to a digital signal corresponding with irradiance values at each of the plurality of locations of the scene image; and

,

one or more logic blocks in communication with one or more memory blocks for correcting the digital image signal in accordance with calibration data stored in the one or more memory blocks.

7. The camera system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of photosensitive elements have a spectral responsibility over a spectral bandwidth that includes an absorption band of a gas to be detected in the difference image.

8. The camera system of claim 7 further comprising a spectral band pass filter disposed between the lens element and the image sensor for limiting the spectral bandwidth of the scene image to a spectral bandwidth approximately corresponding with an absorption band of a gas to be detected in the difference image.

9. The camera system of claim 8 further comprising a refrigeration device configured to cool the focal plane array and the optical band pass filter to an operating temperature of less than 100°

K.

10. The camera system of claim 9 further comprising a vacuum tight enclosure formed to enclose the focal plane array and the optical band pass filter in a vacuum cavity drawn down to a vacuum pressure.

11. The camera system of claim 10 further comprising:

a camera housing of enclosing and supporting the focal plane array, the band pass filter, the vacuum tight enclosure, the refrigeration device and the video display device therein and for supporting the lens element attached externally thereto;

an electronics module for operating the camera system and including the temporal filter, temporal filter memory and the difference calculator, enclosed within the camera housing;

a user interface module in communication with the electronics module comprising actuator elements disposed on external surfaces of the camera housing for converting user actions into input commands suitable for operating the camera in one or more operating modes; and

,

a power module in communication with the electronics module and including a power source enclosed with the camera housing for operating the camera system as a portable device.

12. The camera system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of photosensitive elements comprise indium arsenide (InSb) photodiodes.

13. The camera system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of plurality of photosensitive elements comprise quantum well infrared photo detectors, (QWIP), formed by quantum well layers alternating with barrier layers, and wherein each layer is constructed from a III-V compound semiconductor.

14. The camera of claim 13 wherein the quantum well layers comprise GaAs doped with silicon and the barrier layers comprise AlGaAs.

15. A method for rendering a video image of a survey scene comprising the steps of:

forming a scene image onto a focal plane array;

generating a corrected scene image signal comprising a series of signals corresponding with irradiance values at plurality of locations of the scene image and continuously updating the scene image signal at a video frame rate;

for each scene image signal, generating a temporally filtered image signal based on temporal characteristics of irradiance values at each of the plurality of locations of the scene image over a selected number of previous video frames;

storing the temporally filtered image signal in a temporal filter memory block;

multiplying the temporally filtered image signal by a scaling factor to reduce the temporally filtered image signal at each of the plurality of locations of the scene image thereby generating a sealed temporally filtered image signal; and

,

generating a difference image signal by subtracting the sealed temporally filtered image signal from the scene image signal.

16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of displaying the difference image signal.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of storing the temporally filtered image signal in a temporal filter memory block.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of forming a scene image onto the focal plane array further comprises the step of spectrally filtering the scene image such that the spectral bandwidth of the scene image corresponds with an infrared absorption band of a gas to be detected in the difference image.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of generating the temporally filtered scene image comprises the steps of summing scene image values over a selected number of video frames and dividing the summed scene image values by the selected number of video frames.

20. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of generating the temporally filtered scene image comprises the steps of:

recalling a current temporally filtered scene image from the temporal filter memory block;

subtracting the current temporally filtered scene image from the corrected scene image;

generating scaled difference values by scaling difference values between the current temporally filtered scene image and the corrected scene image to increase larger difference values more than smaller difference values; and

,

generating an updated temporally filtered scene image by adding the sealed difference values to the current temporally filtered image values.

21. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of selecting the number of previous video frames for generating the temporally filtered image.

22. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of selecting the scaling factor from values ranging from 0.0 to 1.0.

23. A gas leak detection camera comprising:

a lens element for collecting radiation from a survey scene and forming a scene image of the survey scene at a focal plane of the lens element;

an image sensor disposed at the focal plane of the lens element comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed at a plurality of locations over the scene image for generating analog signals corresponding with irradiance values at each of the plurality of locations of a scene image, wherein the image sensor has a spectral responsivity that includes wavelengths of an absorption band of a gas to be detected;

read out electronics for reading out the analog signals and refreshing the analog scene signals at a video frame rate;

a spectral band pass filter disposed between the lens element and the image sensor for limiting the spectral band width of scene image to a spectral bandwidth approximately corresponding with wavelengths of an absorption band of the gas to be detected;

an optical signal processor configured to convert the analog signals to a digital scene image signal, to generate a temporally filtered image signal corresponding with temporal characteristics of a plurality of prior digital scene images, to produce a scaled temporally filtered image by reducing the temporally filtered image by a scaling factor, and to generate a difference image by subtracting the scaled temporally filtered image from the digital scene image;

a digital data storage module in communication with the optical signal processor for storing the temporally filtered image therein; and

,

a display device for displaying the difference image.

24. The gas leak detection camera of claim 23 wherein the scaled temporally filtered image is produced by multiplying the temporally filtered image by a scaling factor ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 and further comprising a user interface element in communication with the optical signal process for varying the scaling factor according to user input commands.

25. The gas leak detection camera of claim 24 further comprising:

a cooling device for cooling the image sensor and the spectral band pass filter to operating temperatures below 100°

K.; and

,

a vacuum tight enclosure formed to enclose the focal plane array and the optical band pass filter in a vacuum cavity drawn down to a vacuum pressure.

26. The gas detection camera of claim 25 wherein the photosensitive elements comprise indium arsenide (InSb) photodiodes and further wherein the spectral band pass filter has a spectral bandwidth that includes wavelengths in the range of 3.1 to 3.6 μ

m.

27. The gas detection camera of claim 25 wherein the photosensitive elements comprise quantum well infrared photo detectors, (QWIP), tuned to have a spectral responsivity above 5.5 μ

m.

28. A camera system comprising:

a focal plane array and a lens system for forming a scene image corresponding with a survey scene onto the focal plane array;

an optical signal processor;

a temporal filter for temporally filtering a scene image over a plurality of video frames and storing a temporally filtered image in a temporal filter memory module;

an image difference block for generating a difference image by reducing values of the temporally filtered image by multiplying each value thereof by a scaling factor (k) ranging between 0.0 and 1.0 and subtracting the reduced values of the temporally filtered image from corresponding current scene image.

29. The camera system of claim 28, wherein the focal plane array comprises a plurality of photosensitive elements each having a spectral responsibility over a spectral bandwidth that includes one or more infrared absorption bands of a gas plume to be distinguished from other regions of the scene.

30. A method for processing a survey scene to detect a gas comprising the steps of

(i) providing an infrared camera system to image the survey scene;

(ii) obtaining a plurality of images of the survey scene;

(iii) obtaining a temporal filtered image from a predetermined number of the images; and

(iv) obtaining a difference image by subtracting a product of the temporal filtered image and a scaling factor (k) from a preselected image, wherein 0.0<

k<

1.0.

31. The method of claim 30 further comprising the step of spectrally filtering the survey scene to limit the spectral bandwidth of the survey scene to a selected infrared absorption band of a gas plume to be distinguished from other regions of the survey scene.