Systems and methods for improving performance in a digital amplifier by adding an ultrasonic signal to an input audio signal

• US 7,649,410 B2
• Filed: 01/24/2007
• Issued: 01/19/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/24/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Intersil Americas LLC (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: D2Audio LLC (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Andersen, Jack B., Craven, Peter G.
• Primary Examiner(s): CHOE, HENRY
• Application Number:
  US11/626,569
• Publication Number:
  US 20070170984A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,091 Days
• Field of Search: 330/10, 330/251, 330/207.A
• US Class Current: 330/10
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3264 in audio amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/03 the amplifier being designed for audio applications
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/114 the amplifier comprising means for electro-magnetic interference [EMI] protection
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/351 Pulse width modulation being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3236 A generated signal, e.g. a pulse or an inverted synchronous signal, being added to avoid certain conditions, e.g. clipping
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/217 Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/2173 of the bridge type
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/162 without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor

Abstract

Systems and methods in which an ultrasonic signal is introduced into an audio signal before the audio signal is amplified by a switching amplifier. The added ultrasonic signal (e.g., a tone at half the amplifier'"'"'s switching frequency) shifts the signals input to a set of power switches so that they do not switch nearly simultaneously. The ultrasonic signal causes the output current to be well defined to eliminate dead time distortion at low signal levels. Adding the tone ultrasonic signal causes the distortion to shift to an amplitude greater than zero. Signals that exceed this amplitude will experience the distortion, but the distortion will be less noticeable than in lower-amplitude signals. Signals that do not exceed this amplitude will not experience the distortion at all. Adding an ultrasonic signal may also draw energy away from the switch frequency and its harmonics to interference with AM radio reception.

Claims

1. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal and a carrier signal having a switching frequency Fs that is different than the ultrasonic frequency; and

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the modification of the audio signal, in dependence on the ultrasonic signal, results in the generated pulse width modulated switching waveform preventing the power switches from switching simultaneously or nearly simultaneously at low levels of the audio signal, thereby reducing distortion at low levels of the audio signal that would otherwise occur if the power switches switched simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.

2. An amplifier according to claim 1 in which the modifier comprises an adder.

3. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the modifier comprises

a nonlinear function generator fed in dependence on the audio signal, and

a multiplier is configured to multiply the ultrasonic signal by an output of the nonlinear function generator; and

wherein the modifier is configured to add the output of the multiplier to the audio signal to thereby generate the modified audio signal.

4. An amplifier according to claim 3 wherein the modifier is configured to reduce the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal when the audio signal has a value close to a maximum value that the amplifier can handle in a substantially linear manner.

31. An amplifier according to claim 3, wherein the switching waveform has the frequency Fs and the ultrasonic signal is a tone having the ultrasonic frequency, which is Fs/2.

5. An amplifier according to claim l wherein the switching waveform has the frequency Fs and the ultrasonic signal is a tone having the ultrasonic frequency, which is Fs/2.

6. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal;

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform; and

programmable memory to store a gain coefficient, wherein the modifier is configured to modify the audio signal in dependence on the gain coefficient.

7. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal;

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform; and

a monitor unit configured to provide information to the modifier relating to operation of the amplifier, wherein the modifier adjusts at least one of

(a) a gain coefficient that multiplies the ultrasonic signal, and

(b) a nonlinear function of the audio signal that multiplies the ultrasonic signal in dependence on the information.

8. An amplifier according to claim 7 wherein the information provided by the monitor unit comprises information relating to at least one of:

(i) a setting of a volume control;

(ii) an input signal type;

(iii) an input signal strength; and

(iv) an occurrence of clipping in the amplifier.

9. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

a noise-shaped quantizer having a noise transfer function;

wherein the ultrasonic signal comprises a tone having the ultrasonic frequency and the noise transfer function has a zero that substantially reduces the noise transfer function at the ultrasonic frequency of the tone.

10. An amplifier according to claim 9, wherein the switching waveform has a frequency Fs and the ultrasonic frequency of the tone is Fs/2.

11. A switching amplifier comprising:

an ultrasonic signal generator that generates an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

a modifier that receives an audio signal and the ultrasonic signal, and that modifies the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

a modulator that receives the modified audio signal and that generates a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

power switches that generate an output in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the modifier is enabled or disabled in dependence on one or more signals indicative of whether radiation from the amplifier causes interference with radio reception.

12. An amplifier according to claim 11, further comprising a control input configured to receive the one or more signals indicative of whether radiation from the amplifier causes interference with radio reception.

13. An amplifier according to claim 12, wherein the control input is an electrical input.

14. An amplifier according to claim 12, wherein the control input is a logical bit input.

15. An amplifier according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more signals indicative of whether radiation from the amplifier causes interference with radio reception is also indicative of a frequency received by a radio receiver.

16. An amplifier according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the one or more signals indicative of whether radiation from the amplifier causes interference with radio reception is also indicative of a bandwidth received by the radio receiver.

17. An amplifier according to claim 15, further comprising a radio receiver.

18. An apparatus comprising:

a switching amplifier that uses a switching waveform having a fundamental frequency, the amplifier having at least one operating parameter that is adjustable;

a controller coupled to the amplifier; and

a network receiver coupled to the controller and to a network;

wherein the controller is configured to receive messages from the network receiver;

wherein the controller is configured to adjust at least one said operating parameter to reduce an amplitude of signals at the fundamental frequency or at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency in response to the network receiver receiving a message indicating that the amplifier is potentially creating interference with a radio receiver.

19. An apparatus according to claim 18 in which the network comprises at least one of:

a wired network;

a wireless network; and

,

an optical network.

20. An apparatus according to claim 18 in which the network comprises at least one of:

an Ethernet network;

a Power-line network;

a MOST network;

a CAN network;

an IEEE 802.11 network;

a Bluetooth network; and

a Zigbee network.

21. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal and a carrier signal having a switching frequency Fs different than the ultrasonic frequency; and

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the modifying the audio signal, in dependence on the ultrasonic signal, results in the generated pulse width modulated switching waveform preventing the power switches from switching simultaneously or nearly simultaneously at low levels of the audio signal, thereby reducing distortion at low levels of the audio signal that would otherwise occur if the power switches switched simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the modifying the audio signal, in dependence on the ultrasonic signal, especially reduces coincidence distortion at low signal levels within the amplifier.

23. A method according to claim 21, wherein the modifying the audio signal, in dependence on the ultrasonic signal, also reduces dead time distortion within the amplifier.

24. A method according to claim 21, wherein the modifying the audio signal, in dependence on the ultrasonic signal, also reduces radiation in an AM radio band.

32. A method according to claim 21, wherein the switching waveform has the frequency Fs and the ultrasonic signal is a tone having the ultrasonic frequency, which is Fs/2.

25. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein generating the ultrasonic signal comprises generating a tone, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the tone is half of a switching frequency Fs of the switching amplifier.

26. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

storing a gain coefficient in a programmable memory;

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the step of modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal includes multiplying the ultrasonic signal by the gain coefficient.

27. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the step of modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal includes multiplying the ultrasonic signal by a nonlinear function of the audio signal.

28. A method according to claim 27, further comprising reducing a probability of overload in the amplifier by configuring the nonlinear function to decrease when the audio signal reaches a level indicative of the audio signal being large enough to potentially cause overload.

29. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal;

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform; and

reducing a probability of clipping or overload by monitoring operation of the amplifier to detect a condition selected from the group consisting of

(a) clipping,

(b) overload,

(c) incipient clipping and

(d) incipient overload; and

adjusting the ultrasonic signal in response to the condition being detected.

30. A method for use with a switching amplifier including power switches, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic signal having an ultrasonic frequency;

modifying the audio signal in dependence on the ultrasonic signal to thereby generate a modified audio signal;

generating a pulse width modulated switching waveform in dependence on the modified audio signal; and

driving the power switches of the switching amplifier in dependence on the pulse width modulated switching waveform;

wherein the ultrasonic signal comprises a tone having the ultrasonic frequency;

wherein the method is implemented in an amplifier including a noise-shaped quantizer which has a noise transfer function; and

wherein the method further comprises reducing an audio-frequency intermodulation product between the tone and noise produced by the quantizer by configuring the noise transfer function of the quantizer to have a reduced amplitude at frequencies close to the ultrasonic frequency of the tone.

33. A method according to claim 30, wherein the switching waveform has the frequency Fs and the ultrasonic signal is a tone having the ultrasonic frequency, which is Fs/2.