Multi-energy x-ray source

• US 7,649,981 B2
• Filed: 10/15/2003
• Issued: 01/19/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Seppi, Edward J., Virshup, Gary
• Primary Examiner(s): Yun; Jurie
• Application Number:
  US10/687,573
• Publication Number:
  US 20050084073A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,288 Days
• Field of Search: 378156-158, 378/5, 378/53, 378/54, 378/124, 378/143, 378/144, 378/125
• US Class Current: 378/158
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7289 Retrospective gating, i.e. associating measured signals or images with a physiological event after the actual measurement or image acquisition, e.g. by simultaneously recording an additional physiological signal during the measurement or image acquisition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7292 Prospective gating, i.e. predicting the occurrence of a physiological event for use as a synchronisation signal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/405 Source units specially adapted to modify characteristics of the beam during the data acquisition process A61B6/4021, A61B6/4035 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/502 for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5288 involving retrospective matching to a physiological signal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/541 involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 2235/088 Laminated targets, e.g. plurality of emitting layers of unique or differing materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 2235/1006 Supports or shafts for target or substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/101 Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/153 Spot position control
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/28 by vibration, oscillation, reciprocation, or swash-plate motion of the anode or anticathode
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/305 by using a rotating X-ray tube in conjunction therewith

Abstract

An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure includes a radiation filter having a first portion and a second portion, the first and the second portions forming a layer for filtering radiation impinging thereon, wherein the first portion is made from a first material having a first x-ray filtering characteristic, and the second portion is made from a second material having a second x-ray filtering characteristic. An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure includes a first target material, a second target material, and an accelerator for accelerating particles towards the first target material and the second target material to generate x-rays at a first energy level and a second energy level, respectively.

Claims

1. An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure, comprising:

a radiation filter having a first portion and a second portion, the first and the second portions forming a layer for filtering radiation impinging thereon, wherein the first portion is made from a first x-ray filtering material, and the second portion is made from a second x-ray filtering material;

a structure having a cavity, the radiation filter in operative association with the structure; and

a disk located within the cavity, the disk having a first target material and a second target material, wherein the first target material corresponds with the first x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, and the second target material corresponds with the second x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, the second x-ray filtering material being different from the first x-ray filtering material;

wherein the disk having the first target material and the second target material is rotatable.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and the second target materials are parts of a radiation source, and the apparatus further comprises the radiation source.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a gantry to which the radiation source is secured.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiation source comprises an anode that includes a rare earth element, a platinum group metal, or combination thereof.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiation source comprises a voltage generator.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a switching element coupled to the voltage generator, the switching element configured to modulate the voltage generated by the voltage generator.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an imager for generating image data in response to radiation that has been filtered by the layer.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the imager has a first image element for generating a first image data in response to radiation that has been filtered by the first portion of the radiation filter, and a second image element for generating a second image data in response to radiation that has been filtered by the second portion of the radiation filter.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a gantry, wherein the imager and the radiation filter are secured to the gantry.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the imager is coupled to a support structure for supporting an object to which filtered radiation is directed.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein either or both of the first and the second x-ray filtering materials are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and molybdenum.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter is rotatable.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an imager for generating a first set of image data based on a first radiation created using the first x-ray filtering material and the first target material, and a second set of image data based on a second radiation created using the second x-ray filtering material and the second target material.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a device for collecting the first set and the second set of image data from the imager.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the device is configured to perform the collection of the first and the second sets of image data in synchronization with a position of the radiation filter.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first imager for generating a first set of image data based on a first radiation created using the first x-ray filtering material and the first target material, and a second imager for generating a second set of image data based on a second radiation created using the second x-ray filtering material and the second target material.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first target material and the second target material are positioned relative to each other in a side-by-side configuration.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electron gun for sending electrons towards the first or the second target material.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising an electron deflector for changing a path of the electrons such that the electrons can be selectively aimed towards the first target material or the second target material.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electron deflector comprises an electromagnetic field generator.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electron deflector comprises a magnetic field generator.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electron deflector physically deflects the electrons.

23. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a gantry to which the structure is secured.

24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the structure is a part of a MRI machine.

25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the structure is a part of a PET machine.

26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first x-ray filtering material comprises a k-edge filter.

27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first x-ray filtering material has a x-ray transmission window that is above a k-edge, and the second x-ray filtering material has a x-ray transmission window that is below the k-edge.

28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first target material forms a first ring, the second target material forms a second ring, and the apparatus further comprises an electron deflector for selectively aiming electrons towards the first ring or the second ring, and wherein the first and second rings are rotatable relative to an electron source.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising a positioner for rotating the first ring, wherein the positioner is configured to rotate the first ring while the electrons are aimed towards the first ring.

30. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first target material has an arc shape or a partial circular shape.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the arc or partial circular shape has a continuous configuration.

32. An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure, comprising:

a radiation filter having a first portion and a second portion, the first and the second portions forming a layer for filtering radiation impinging thereon, wherein the first portion is made from a first x-ray filtering material, and the second portion is made from a second x-ray filtering material;

a structure having a cavity, the radiation filter in operative association with the structure; and

a disk located within the cavity, the disk having a first target material and a second target material, wherein the first target material corresponds with the first x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, and the second target material corresponds with the second x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, the second x-ray filtering material being different from the first x-ray filtering material;

wherein the disk having the first target material and the second target material is rotatable; and

wherein the first target material forms a ring configuration.

33. The apparatus of 32, wherein either or both of the first and second x-ray filtering materials comprise a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and molybdenum.

34. An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure, comprising:

a radiation filter having a first portion and a second portion, the first and the second portions forming a layer for filtering radiation impinging thereon, wherein the first portion is made from a first x-ray filtering material, and the second portion is made from a second x-ray filtering material;

a structure having a cavity, the radiation filter in operative association with the structure; and

a disk located within the cavity, the disk having a first target material and a second target material, wherein the first target material corresponds with the first x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, and the second target material corresponds with the second x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, the second x-ray filtering material being different from the first x-ray filtering material;

wherein the disk having the first target material and the second target material is rotatable; and

wherein the first target material and the second target material are positioned concentrically relative to each other.

35. An apparatus for use in a radiation procedure, comprising:

a radiation filter having a first portion and a second portion, the first and the second portions forming a layer for filtering radiation impinging thereon, wherein the first portion is made from a first x-ray filtering material, and the second portion is made from a second x-ray filtering material;

a structure having a cavity, the radiation filter in operative association with the structure; and

a disk located within the cavity, the disk having a first target material and a second target material, wherein the first target material corresponds with the first x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, and the second target material corresponds with the second x-ray filtering material of the radiation filter, the second x-ray filtering material being different from the first x-ray filtering material;

wherein the disk having the first target material and the second target material is rotatable; and

wherein the first target material has at least an arc or a partial circular shape.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, further comprising a wheel to which the first and the second x-ray filtering materials are coupled, and a positioner for positioning the wheel.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the positioner comprises a motor.

38. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein either or both of the first and the second portions is made from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and molybdenum.

39. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the first target material forms a first ring, the second target material forms a second ring, and the apparatus further comprises an electron deflector for selectively aiming electrons towards the first ring or the second ring.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, further comprising a motor for rotating the disk, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the disk while the electrons are aimed towards the first ring.

41. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the arc or partial circular shape has a continuous configuration.