Fuel cell system with reformer response time correction

• US 7,651,798 B2
• Filed: 01/15/2003
• Issued: 01/26/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/22/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Numao, Yasuhiro, Iwasaki, Yasukazu
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan; Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): WALKER, KEITH D
• Application Number:
  US10/433,664
• Publication Number:
  US 20040234825A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,568 Days
• Field of Search: 429/24, 429/13, 320/132, 320/136, 320/153, 700/296, 700/299
• US Class Current: 429/430
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/34 by heating
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04373 of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04626 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04783 Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0612 from carbon-containing material
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell system cooperating with a rechargeable battery (18) mounts a fuel cell (12) as a source of motive power in an electric vehicle with an electric motor. The fuel cell system and the rechargeable battery (18) supplies the electric motor with electrical power. The fuel cell system also includes a reformer (11) as a source of hydrogen hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the fuel cell (12). The fuel cell system comprises a temperature sensor (19) for measuring the temperature (Tb) of the rechargeable battery and a controller (16) for controlling the response characteristics (mainly the response characteristics of the reformer) of the fuel cell system based on the measured temperature (Tb). The controller (16) calculates a response time of the fuel cell system based on the measured temperature, and controls the supply of hydrogen-containing gas to the fuel cell in response to the calculated response time.

Claims

1. A control device for controlling a fuel cell system connected to a motor and a rechargeable battery, and provided with a fuel cell and a reformer for producing hydrogen-rich reformate gas supplied to the fuel cell, the fuel cell system and the rechargeable battery supplying the motor with electrical power, the control device comprising:

a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the rechargeable battery;

a load sensor for detecting a required power for the motor;

means for detecting a state of charge (SOC) of the rechargeable battery;

a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and the load sensor, the controller functioning to;

calculate a response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on the detected temperature of the rechargeable battery when detecting a change in the required power for the motor and based on the detected SOC of the rechargeable battery; and

control the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas from the reformer according to the calculated response time,

wherein the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas increases as the detected SOC of the rechargeable battery increases; and

wherein the controller further detects a variation in the required power for the motor and decreases the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on an increase in a frequency of the occurrence that the detected variation in the required power for the motor is greater than a first threshold value and the required power for the motor is greater than a second threshold value;

a temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of an external portion of the fuel cell system; and

a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the reformer, wherein

the controller corrects the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on the detected ambient temperature and the detected temperature of the reformer.

2. The control device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a fuel tank connected to the reformer and a fuel flow rate control valve for regulating the flow rate of fuel supplied to the reformer,

wherein the controller controls the opening of the fuel flow rate control valve so as to control the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas in response to the calculated response time.

3. The control device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a power control circuit,

wherein the controller controls the supply/discharge of power to/from the rechargeable battery via the power control circuit, based on the detected temperature of the rechargeable battery.

4. The control device as defined in claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a map specifying a relation between the response time and temperature of the rechargeable battery as follows:

the response time increases with increasing battery temperature below a predetermined battery temperature, and decreases with increasing battery temperature above the predetermined battery temperature, taking a maximum value at the predetermined battery temperature, and when the battery temperature approaches a maximum permissible temperature, the response time is reduced substantially to zero so as to increase the response speed of the reformer,

wherein the controller calculates the response time based on the map.

6. The control device as defined in claim 1, comprising a temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of the external portion of the fuel cell system, wherein the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas decreases as the detected ambient temperature increases.

5. A control method for controlling a fuel cell system connected to a motor and a rechargeable battery, and provided with a fuel cell and a reformer for producing hydrogen-rich reformate gas supplied to the fuel cell, the fuel cell system and the rechargeable battery supplying the motor with electrical power, the control method comprising:

detecting a temperature of the rechargeable battery;

detecting a required power for the motor;

detecting a state of charge (SOC) of the rechargeable battery;

detecting an ambient temperature of an external portion of the fuel cell system;

detecting a temperature of the reformer;

calculating a response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on the detected temperature of the rechargeable battery when detecting a change in the required power for the motor and based on the detected SOC of the rechargeable battery;

detecting a variation in the required power for the motor and decreasing the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on an increase in a frequency of the occurrence that the detected variation in the required power for the motor is greater than a first threshold value and the required power for the motor is greater than a second threshold value;

controlling the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas according to the calculated response time; and

correcting the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas based on the detected ambient temperature and the detected temperature of the reformer,

wherein the response time of the reformer with respect to the production of hydrogen-rich reformate gas increases as the detected SOC of the rechargeable battery increases.