Implantable analyte sensor
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical glucose sensor comprising a three-electrode system, the sensor comprising:
- an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode; and
a potentiostat that controls the potential between the working and reference electrodes, wherein the potentiostat sets a low voltage limit at which the counter electrode of the glucose sensor reacts with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited and at which no substantial bubble formation occurs, wherein the potentiostat comprises an operational amplifier comprising;
(i) a first input coupled to the reference electrode;
(ii) a second input coupled to a reference voltage source; and
(iii) an output coupled to the counter electrode, wherein the reference voltage source is set to a voltage value relative to battery ground such that the low voltage limit at the counter electrode causes the counter electrode to react with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited, and substantial bubble formation does not occur at the counter electrode.
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Abstract
An implantable analyte sensor including a sensing region for measuring the analyte and a non-sensing region for immobilizing the sensor body in the host. The sensor is implanted in a precisely dimensioned pocket to stabilize the analyte sensor in vivo and enable measurement of the concentration of the analyte in the host before and after formation of a foreign body capsule around the sensor. The sensor further provides a transmitter for RF transmission through the sensor body, electronic circuitry, and a power source optimized for long-term use in the miniaturized sensor body.
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Citations
28 Claims
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1. An electrochemical glucose sensor comprising a three-electrode system, the sensor comprising:
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an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode; and a potentiostat that controls the potential between the working and reference electrodes, wherein the potentiostat sets a low voltage limit at which the counter electrode of the glucose sensor reacts with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited and at which no substantial bubble formation occurs, wherein the potentiostat comprises an operational amplifier comprising; (i) a first input coupled to the reference electrode; (ii) a second input coupled to a reference voltage source; and (iii) an output coupled to the counter electrode, wherein the reference voltage source is set to a voltage value relative to battery ground such that the low voltage limit at the counter electrode causes the counter electrode to react with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited, and substantial bubble formation does not occur at the counter electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. An electrochemical glucose sensor comprising a three-electrode system, the sensor comprising:
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an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode; and a potentiostat that controls the potential between the working and reference electrodes, wherein the potentiostat comprises an operational amplifier comprising; (i) a first input coupled to the reference electrode; (ii) a second input coupled to a reference voltage source; (iii) an output coupled to the counter electrode; (iv) a negative power supply input coupled to a first voltage source; and (v) a positive power supply input coupled to a second voltage source, wherein the reference voltage source, first voltage source and second voltage source set a low voltage limit at which the counter electrode reacts with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited, and at which no substantial bubble formation occurs. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An electrochemical glucose sensor comprising a three-electrode system, the sensor comprising:
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an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode; and a potentiostat that controls the potential between the working and reference electrodes, wherein the potentiostat comprises a current limiter configured to limit the current through at least one of the counter or working electrodes preventing bubble formation from occurring and allow sufficient current through the counter electrode such that it reacts with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An electrochemical glucose sensor comprising a three-electrode system, the sensor comprising:
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an electrochemical cell comprising a working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode; and a potentiostat that controls the potential between the working and reference electrodes, the potentiostat comprises an operational amplifier comprising; (i) a first input coupled to the reference electrode; (ii) a second input coupled to a reference voltage source; (iii) an output coupled to the counter electrode; and (vi) a voltage offset input coupled to an offset voltage source, wherein the offset voltage source sets a low voltage limit at which the counter electrode reacts with reducible species, other than oxygen, when oxygen becomes limited, and at which no substantial bubble formation occurs. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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Specification