Global server load balancing

• US 7,657,629 B1
• Filed: 02/28/2003
• Issued: 02/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Foundry Networks Incorporated (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kommula, Sunanda L.
• Primary Examiner(s): SALAD, ABDULLAHI ELMI
• Application Number:
  US10/376,903
• Time in Patent Office: 2,531 Days
• Field of Search: 709223-224, 709226-228, 709/241, 709/201, 709/203
• US Class Current: 709/226
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1001 for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1008 based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload monitoring of computer activity G06F11/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1012 based on compliance of requirements or conditions with available server resources
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1021 based on client or server locations

Abstract

A global server load-balancing (GSLB) switch serves as a proxy to an authoritative DNS and communicates with numerous site switches that are coupled to host servers serving specific applications. The GSLB switch receives from site switches operational information regarding host servers within the site switches neighborhood. When a client program requests a resolution of a host name, the GSLB switch, acting as a proxy of an authoritative DNS, returns one or more ordered IP addresses for the host name. The IP addresses are ordered using metrics that include the information collected from the site switches or based on other metric information. Examples of metrics include weighted site, weighted IP, and active bindings metrics. The GSLB switch places the address that is deemed “best” at the top of the list.

Claims

1. A method of providing load balancing among host servers, the method comprising:

determining a number of active host servers bound to each of a plurality of virtual addresses respectively residing at each of a plurality of site switches; and

arranging said virtual addresses as an ordered list by selecting one of said virtual address having a greatest said determined number of active host servers bound to it as a candidate optimum virtual address in said ordered list.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

assigning a weight to at least one of said site switches, the assigned site weight being indicative of an amount of traffic that the site is to receive relative to at least another site corresponding to another of said site switches; and

alternatively assigning a weight to at least one of the virtual addresses, the assigned address weight being indicative of an amount of traffic that the virtual address is to receive relative to at least another virtual address.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein arranging the virtual addresses as the ordered list includes further arranging the virtual addresses based at least in part on consideration of the assigned site weight or the assigned address weight, including arranging the ordered list based on selection of one of a virtual address that has a least relative weight as said candidate optimum virtual address.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

computing a relative weight for each virtual address, wherein said arranging the virtual addresses as the ordered list further includes arranging based at least in part on consideration of the assigned site weight or the assigned address weight to select one of the virtual addresses that has a least relative weight; and

if the computed relative weight of all of said virtual addresses is equal to a maximum relative weight, passing the list of virtual addresses, without arranging them, to a next stage to allow arrangement of the list of virtual addresses at the next stage based on a different metric.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein computing the relative weight for each virtual address includes computing for a particular one of said virtual addresses its relative weight according to a number of times that said particular virtual address was previously selected as an optimum virtual address, multiplied by a sum of assigned weights of the virtual addresses, divided by the assigned weight to said particular virtual address.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of active host servers bound to a particular one of the virtual addresses is set at 1 if a site associated with the particular virtual address does not support a metric indicative of the number of active host servers bound to the particular virtual address and is set at 0 if said particular virtual address is down.

7. A method, comprising:

determining a number of active host servers bound to each of a plurality of virtual addresses;

receiving a list of virtual addresses; and

arranging the virtual addresses in the list of virtual addresses to identify at least one virtual address, having a highest said determined number of active host servers bound to it, from the list as a candidate optimum virtual address to receive traffic.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising also arranging the virtual addresses in said list based at least in part on a weight assigned to at least one site or based at least in part on a weight assigned to one of the virtual addresses, the assigned weights being respectively indicative of an amount of traffic that is to be received by the site or virtual address relative to other sites or virtual addresses.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a virtual address having a least relative weight, which is derived from one of the assigned weights, as said candidate for the optimum virtual address.

10. An article of manufacture, comprising:

a storage medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a processor to;

determine a number of active servers that are bound to each of a plurality of virtual addresses; and

arrange a list of virtual address to identify a virtual address having a determined most number of active servers bound to it as a candidate optimum virtual address to receive traffic.

11. The article of manufacture of claim 10 wherein the storage medium further includes instructions stored thereon and executable by said processor to:

calculate a relative weight that is based at least in part on assigned weights for a plurality of virtual addresses or for a plurality of sites;

select a virtual address on the list that has a least said calculated relative weight as said candidate for the optimum virtual address; and

pass the list of virtual addresses without arrangement thereof, to determine said virtual address having said most number of active servers bound to it, if the calculated relative weight of all of said virtual addresses is equal to a maximum relative weight.

12. A load balancing system, comprising:

a means for determining a number of active servers that are bound to each of a plurality of virtual addresses; and

a means for arranging a list of virtual addresses by selecting one of said virtual addresses that has a greatest determined number of active host servers bound to it as a candidate optimum virtual address to receive traffic.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein weights are assigned to a plurality of sites or to a plurality of virtual addresses.

14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a means for calculating a relative weight for each of said virtual addresses, the relative weight of a particular one of said virtual addresses being calculated according to a sum of the assigned weights of said virtual addresses and on a count of times that said particular virtual address was previously selected as an optimum virtual address and the assigned weight of said particular virtual address.

15. An apparatus to balance load among host servers, the apparatus comprising:

a load balance switch having a controller to arrange a list of virtual addresses to identify an optimum virtual address from the list of virtual addresses,

wherein a number of active ones of the host servers are bound to each of said virtual addresses, the controller being adapted to identify as a candidate for the optimum virtual address one of said virtual addresses having a largest said number of active ones of the host servers bound to it.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said controller is further adapted to identify said candidate optimum virtual address using an assigned weight indicative of an amount of traffic to be received by a site relative to another site.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said controller is further adapted to identify said candidate optimum virtual address using an assigned weight indicative of an amount of traffic to be received by a virtual address relative to another virtual address.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the controller is adapted to calculate a relative weight based on the assigned weight and based on a count of times that a particular virtual address was previously selected as the optimum virtual address, wherein the controller is adapted to identify a virtual address having a least relative weight as said candidate for the optimum virtual address.

19. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the controller is responsive to commands that specify at least one of enable a metric usable with a weight, disable the metric usable with the weight, a weight to be assigned for a site, a weight to be assigned for a virtual address, change an order in which metrics are to be applied, enable determination of the number of bound host servers, and disable determination of the number of bound host servers.

20. A site switch apparatus comprising:

at least one port configurable to have at least one host server bound thereto, wherein each of said at least one port is configurable to be respectively associated with an individual one of a plurality of virtual addresses; and

a metric agent configurable to communicate, to a load balance switch, a number of active ones of said at least one host server bound to said at least one port, the number of active ones of said at least one host server being usable by the load balance switch to arrange a list of network addresses, by selection as an optimum address one of said virtual addresses from said list of network addresses that has a largest said number of active ones of said host servers bound to that virtual address'"'"' associated port.

21. An apparatus to balance load among host servers, the apparatus comprising:

a load balance switch having;

a storage medium having instructions stored thereon; and

a controller coupled to said storage medium and adapted execute said instructions stored on said storage medium to arrange a list of virtual addresses to identify a particular one of said virtual addresses from the list of virtual addresses as a candidate optimum virtual address to receive traffic based at least in part on a computed relative weight associated with each virtual address, said particular virtual address having a computed least relative weight as compared to computed relative weights of other ones of said virtual addresses in said list,

wherein said relative weight of said particular virtual address is computed by said controller based on assigned weights of all of said virtual addresses, on a count of times that said particular virtual address was previously selected as the optimum virtual address, and on the assigned weight of said particular virtual address.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said controller is adapted to compute said relative weight of said particular virtual address by summing assigned weights of all of said virtual addresses, multiplying said summed assigned weights by said count of times that said particular virtual address was previously selected as an optimum virtual address, and dividing by the assigned weight of said particular virtual address.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the assigned weight of said particular virtual address is based on a weight of a site to which said particular virtual address belongs, divided by a number of candidate virtual addresses belonging to said site.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein if computed relative weights of all of said virtual addresses are equal, said controller is adapted to arrange said list of virtual addresses by identifying as said candidate optimum virtual address a virtual address having a greatest number of active host servers bound to it as compared to a number of active host servers bound to other ones of said virtual addresses.

25. A method of providing load balancing among host servers, the method comprising:

for each of a plurality of virtual addresses respectively residing at each of a plurality of site switches, determining a relative weight based on a weight assigned to at least one of the virtual addresses, the assigned weight being indicative of an amount of traffic that the virtual address is to receive relative to at least another virtual address; and

arranging the virtual addresses as an ordered list by selecting one of said virtual addresses that has a least said determined relative weight as a candidate optimum virtual address.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

determining a number of active host servers bound to each of said plurality of virtual addresses; and

further arranging said virtual addresses as said ordered list by selecting one of said virtual address having a greatest determined number of active host servers bound to it as said candidate optimum virtual address.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein said determining the relative weight includes:

computing for a particular one of said virtual addresses its relative weight according to a number of times that said particular virtual address was previously selected by the load balance switch as said preferred virtual address, multiplied by a sum of assigned weights of the virtual addresses, divided by the assigned weight to said particular virtual address.

28. An apparatus to balance load among host servers, the apparatus comprising:

a load balance switch having a controller to arrange a list of network addresses to identify a candidate optimum network address from the list of network addresses based at least in part on a respective weight indicative of an amount of traffic to be received by each of said network addresses of said list,

wherein said controller is adapted to calculate a relative weight for each network address based on the respective weight of each network address and based on a count of times that each respective network address was previously selected as an optimum network address, and

wherein said controller is adapted to identify one of said network addresses having a calculated least relative weight as said candidate optimum network address.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein to calculate the relative weight of each respective network address, said controller is adapted to multiply said count by a sum of respective weights of the network addresses, divided by the respective weight of said respective network address.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said controller is further adapted to determine a number of active host servers bound to each of said network addresses, and further adapted to arrange said list by selection of a particular one of said network addresses having a greatest determined number of active host servers bound to it as said candidate optimum network address.