Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects

• US 7,661,881 B2
• Filed: 09/18/2006
• Issued: 02/16/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Johnson, Norbert, Gregerson, Eugene A., Grant, Richard K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Song; Hoon
• Application Number:
  US11/522,794
• Publication Number:
  US 20070086566A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,247 Days
• Field of Search: 378/37, 378196-198, 378145-146, 378/55, 378/57, 378/64, 378/51, 378/21, 378 4- 20, 378/189, 378/181, 250/559.05, 250/208.1
• US Class Current: 378/197
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/06 Diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4021 involving movement of the focal spot
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4233 using matrix detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4405 the apparatus being movable or portable, e.g. handheld or mounted on a trolley
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4452 the source unit and the detector unit being able to move relative to each other
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/043 using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

An imaging apparatus and related method comprising a source that projects a beam of radiation in a first trajectory; a detector located a distance from the source and positioned to receive the beam of radiation in the first trajectory; an imaging area between the source and the detector, the radiation beam from the source passing through a portion of the imaging area before it is received at the detector; a detector positioner that translates the detector to a second position in a first direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory; and a beam positioner that alters the trajectory of the radiation beam to direct the beam onto the detector located at the second position. The radiation source can be an x-ray cone-beam source, and the detector can be a two-dimensional flat-panel detector array. The invention can be used to image objects larger than the field-of-view of the detector by translating the detector array to multiple positions, and obtaining images at each position, resulting in an effectively large field-of-view using only a single detector array having a relatively small size. A beam positioner permits the trajectory of the beam to follow the path of the translating detector, which permits safer and more efficient dose utilization, as generally only the region of the target object that is within the field-of-view of the detector at any given time will be exposed to potentially harmful radiation.

Claims

1. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a source that projects a beam of radiation in a first trajectory;

a detector located a distance from the source and positioned to receive the beam of radiation in the first trajectory;

an imaging area between the source and the detector, the radiation beam from the source passing through a portion of the imaging area before it is received at the detector;

a detector positioner that translates the detector to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory;

the detector positioner translating the detector relative to a stationary focal spot of the source;

a beam positioner operable to pivot the radiation beam about the stationary focal spot so as to alter the trajectory of the radiation beam to direct the beam onto the detector located at the second position and;

a gantry, the detector being translated within the gantry.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is translated along an arc.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is translated along a line.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is a two-dimensional detector.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the detector is a two-dimensional flat panel detector array.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source is an x-ray source.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging area is configured to receive an object to be imaged, the object being more extensive than the field-of-view of the detector in at least one direction in which the detector is translatable.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector positioner comprises a positioner frame and a motor that translates the detector within the positioner frame.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector positioner comprises a rail and at least one bearing that mates with the rail to guide the detector as it translates.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a positioning feedback system that indicates the position of the detector as it translates.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the positioning feedback system comprises a linear encoder tape and a read head.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the positioning feedback system comprises a rotary encoder and a friction wheel.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector translates along an arc whose radius is centered on the focal spot of the source.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam positioner directs the beam so that a central ray of the beam remains directed at the geometric center of the detector while the detector translates.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam positioner comprises a tilt system that tilts the source.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the tilt system tilts the source about its focal spot.

17. A method of imaging an object, comprising:

projecting a beam of radiation in a first trajectory, the beam traveling through a first region of the object and onto a detector located at a first position;

translating the detector to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory, the detector translating within a gantry and relative to a stationary focal spot of the beam of radiation; and

pivoting the radiation beam about a stationary focal spot to alter the trajectory of the beam so that the beam travels through a second region of the object and onto the detector located at the second position.