Microfluidic devices and methods of using same

• US 7,666,361 B2
• Filed: 04/05/2004
• Issued: 02/23/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Standard Biotools Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Fluidigm Corporation
• Inventors: Facer, Geoff, Yi, Yong, Unger, Marc, Nassef, Hany Ramez, Lucero, Michael, McBride, Lincoln
• Primary Examiner(s): Warden; Jill
• Assistant Examiner(s): LEVKOVICH, NATALIA A
• Application Number:
  US10/818,642
• Publication Number:
  US 20050129581A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,150 Days
• Field of Search: 422/100, 422/102, 422/103
• US Class Current: 422/503
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0642 Filling fluids into wells by specific techniques
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/142 Preventing evaporation
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/147 Employing temperature sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0861 Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/123 Flexible; Elastomeric
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0481 squeezing of channels or chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0638 membrane valves, flap valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/00 Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502723 characterised by venting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502738 characterised by integrated valves microvalves F16K99/0001
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/52 with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples amplification or hybridisation processes per se C12Q1/68; controlling sequential reactions for synthesis B01J19/0046
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/686 Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Abstract

A variety of elastomeric-based microfluidic devices and methods for using and manufacturing such devices are provided. Certain of the devices have arrays of reaction sites to facilitate high throughput analyses. Some devices also include reaction sites located at the end of blind channels at which reagents have been previously deposited during manufacture. The reagents become suspended once sample is introduced into the reaction site. The devices can be utilized with a variety of heating devices and thus can be used in a variety of analyses requiring temperature control, including thermocycling applications such as nucleic acid amplification reactions, genotyping and gene expression analyses.

Claims

1. A method of analyzing a sample fluid for a reaction comprising the steps of:

(i) providing a microfluidic device, said microfluidic device comprising;

a fluidic channel having a first end and a second end in fluid communication with each other through said channel;

a plurality of blind flow channels, each blind flow channel terminating at a terminal wall;

wherein each blind flow channel is in fluid communication with said fluidic channel, wherein an aqueous fluid that enters the blind flow channel from said fluidic channel can flow out of the blind flow channel only through said fluidic channel; and

,

an inlet in fluid communication with said fluidic channel;

wherein each blind flow channel is associated with a valve that when closed isolates one end of the blind flow channel from the fluidic channel whereby an isolated reaction site is formed between the valve and the terminal wall

(ii) introducing said sample fluid into said inlet, said sample fluid filling said blind flow channels;

(iii) actuating said valve to separate said sample fluid into said separate portions within said blind flow channels;

(iv) thermocycling said sample fluid;

(v) analyzing said portions of said sample fluid to determine whether said thermocycling produced said reaction.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample fluid comprises an amplifiable nucleic acid target and said conditions are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions, and said reaction results in a PCR product being formed.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said PCR is digital PCR.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said reaction produces two different color results.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises providing a microfluidic device wherein said blind channel is a branched partitioning channel system and said micro fluidic device further comprises a plurality of valves and wherein said sample is introduced into said branched partitioning system and said plurality of valves are actuated to isolate said sample into a plurality of isolated reaction volumes.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the analysis is single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the analysis is genotyping.

8. The method of claim 5 wherein the analysis is real time PCR.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein each reaction volume is less than 20 μ

L.

10. The method of claim 5 wherein each reaction volume is less than 10 μ

L.

11. The method of claim 5 wherein said sample is partitioned into at least 500 isolated reaction volumes.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein each said blind flow channel comprises a second valve that when closed forms a second isolated reaction site.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said valves are formed from an elastomeric membrane that when actuated, deflects into said blind flow channel.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the membrane is formed from an elastomeric material having a Young'"'"'s modulus in the range 50 Pa to 10 MPa.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the membrane is formed from an elastomeric material having a Young'"'"'s modulus in the range 100 Pa to 1 MPa.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the membrane is formed from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).