Noise variance estimation in wireless communications for diversity combining and log-likelihood scaling

• US 7,672,383 B2
• Filed: 01/28/2005
• Issued: 03/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Black, Peter J., Xu, Hao, Namgoong, June, Jayaraman, Srikant
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahn; Sam K
• Application Number:
  US11/047,347
• Publication Number:
  US 20060062322A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,859 Days
• Field of Search: 375/260, 375/285, 375/326, 375/346, 375/348, 375/299, 375/347, 375/349, 455/83, 455/63.1, 455/67.13, 455/218, 455/101, 455132-141, 700/53
• US Class Current: 375/260
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/1027 assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/20 using signal quality detector
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2647 Arrangements specific to the receiver only equalisation H04L27/01

Abstract

Noise variance estimation in wireless communications. Noise variance estimation includes receiving a signal including an OFDM symbol having, in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones, estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones using the in-band pilot tones and channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones, and estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones using the band-edge pilot tones, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

Claims

1. A method of estimating noise variance, comprising:

receiving a signal including an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones using the in-band pilot tones and channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones; and

estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones using the band-edge pilot tones, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective noise variance for the in-band tones is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones and, scaling the estimated noise variance by a scaler, the scaler being a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the noise variance for the in-band tones is estimated from the in-band pilot tones and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones is estimated by:

estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones;

assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones;

and

interpolating the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the average effective noise variance is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones and scaling the estimated noise variance by a scaler, the scaler being a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the noise variance for the band-edge tones is estimated from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

7. A method of estimating noise variance, comprising:

receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates; and

estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the noise variance of the in-band tones.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols is estimated from the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols are time averaged using a non-causal filter.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the combined weighted noise variance estimates is scaled by a scaler, the scaler being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the scaler is further a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbols.

13. A method of estimating noise variance, comprising:

receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols; and

estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged using a non-causal filter.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates, the noise variance being estimated from the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the combined weighted noise variance estimates is scaled by a scaler, the scaler being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the scaler is further a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbols.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the actual noise variance.

19. A method of estimating noise variance, comprising:

receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OPDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols; and

estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols by estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones, and interpolating the effective noise variance for the band- edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the average effective noise variance is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the average effective noise variance is further estimated by weighting the guard tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, combining the weighted guard tones, and scaling the combined weighted guard tones.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates and the guard tones are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates and the combined weighted guard tones is substantially equal to the effective noise variance in the absence of adjacent channel interference.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged using a non-causal filter.

25. A demodulator configured to receive a signal including an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones, the demodulator comprising:

a channel estimator configured to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones and channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones;

an in-band estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the in-band tones using the in-band pilot tones and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones; and

a band-edge estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones using the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

26. The demodulator of claim 25, wherein the in-band estimator is configured to estimate the effective noise variance for the in-band tones by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones and scaling the estimated noise variance by a scaler, the scaler being a function of the delay spread used by the channel estimator to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

27. The demodulator of claim 26, wherein the in-band estimator is configured to estimate the noise variance for the in-band tones from the in-band pilot tones and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones.

28. The demodulator of claim 25, wherein the band-edge estimator is configured to estimate the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones by estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones, assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones, and interpolating the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

29. The demodulator of claim 28, wherein the band-edge estimator is configured to estimate the average effective noise variance by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones and scaling the estimated noise variance by a scaler, the scaler being a function of the delay spread used by the channel estimator to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

30. The demodulator of claim 29, wherein the band-edge estimator is configured to estimate the noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

31. A demodulator configured to receive a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones, the demodulator comprising:

a channel estimator configured to generate channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones of one of the OFDM symbols;

an in-band estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates; and

a band-edge estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

32. The demodulator of claim 31, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the actual noise variance of the in-band tones.

33. The demodulator of claim 31, wherein the channel estimator is further configured to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols, and wherein the in-band estimator is configured to estimate the noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols from the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols.

34. The demodulator of claim 33, wherein the channel estimator is further configured to time average the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols over said two or more of the OFDM symbols using a non-causal filter.

35. The demodulator of claim 33, wherein the in-band estimator is further configured to scale the combined weighted noise variance estimates by a scaler, the scaler being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

36. The demodulator of claim 35, wherein the scaler is further a function of the delay spread used by the channel estimator to produce the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbol.

37. A demodulator configured to receive a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones, the demodulator comprising:

a channel estimator configured to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols;

an in-band estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and the channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols; and

a band-edge estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

38. The demodulator of claim 37, wherein the channel estimator is configured to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols over said two or more of the OFDM symbols using a non-causal filter.

39. The demodulator of claim 37, wherein the in-band estimator is further configured to estimate the effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates, the noise variance being estimated from the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols.

40. The demodulator of claim 39, wherein the in-band estimator is further configured to scale the combined weighted noise variance estimates by a scaler, the scaler being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

41. The demodulator of claim 40, wherein the scaler is further a function of the delay spread used by the channel estimator to estimate the channel for said one of the OFDM symbols and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbols.

42. The demodulator of claim 39, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the actual noise variance for said one of the OFDM symbols.

43. A demodulator configured to receive a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones, the demodulator comprising:

a channel estimator configured to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols;

an in-band estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols; and

a band-edge estimator configured to estimate an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols by estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones for said one of the OFDM symbols from the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and interpolating the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

44. The demodulator of claim 43, wherein the band-edge estimator is configured to estimate the average effective noise variance by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates.

45. The demodulator of claim 44, wherein the band-edge estimator is further configured to estimate the average effective noise variance by weighting the guard tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, combining the weighted guard tones, and scaling the combined weighted guard tones.

46. The demodulator of claim 45, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates and the guard tones are such that the mean of the sum of the combined weighted noise variance estimates and the combined weighted guard tones is substantially equal to the effective noise variance in the absence of adjacent channel interference.

47. The demodulator of claim 43, wherein the channel estimates generated by the band-edge estimator for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols are time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols.

48. The demodulator of claim 47, wherein the channel estimates generated by the band-edge estimator for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols are time averaged over said two or more of the OFDM symbols using a non-causal filter.

49. A wireless communication apparatus adapted to receive signals from a plurality of antennas, including signals having an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol with in-band pilot tones, band-edge pilot tones, and guard tones, the apparatus comprising:

a channel estimator to generate channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones and band-edge pilot tones;

an in-band channel estimator to estimate an effective noise variance of the in-band tones using the in-band pilot tones and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones;

a band-edge estimator to estimate an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones using the band-edge pilot tones and the channel estimates for the band-edge tones; and

a controller for evaluating reliability of the plurality of antennas.

50. The apparatus as in claim 49, wherein the controller is further adapted to determine Likelihood Ratios (LLRs) for the plurality of antennas in response to the estimates of effective noise variance for the in-band tones and the band-edge tones.

51. An apparatus for estimating noise variance, comprising:

means for receiving a signal including an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones using the in-band pilot tones and channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones; and

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones using the band- edge pilot tones, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the effective noise variance for the in-band tones is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones and scaling the estimated noise variance by a means for scaling, the means for scaling being a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the noise variance for the in-band tones is estimated from the in-band pilot tones and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones.

54. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones is estimated by:

estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones, and the guard tones;

assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones;

and

interpolating the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the average effective noise variance is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones and scaling the estimated noise variance by a means for scaling, the means for scaling being a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in the OFDM symbol.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the noise variance for the band-edge tones is estimated from the band-edge pilot tones, the channel estimates for the band- edge pilot tones, and the guard tones.

57. An apparatus for estimating noise variance, comprising:

means for receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates; and

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the noise variance of the in-band tones.

59. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols is estimated from the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols are time averaged using a non-causal filter.

61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the combined weighted noise variance estimates is scaled by a means for scaling, the means for scaling being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the means for scaling is further a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbols.

63. An apparatus for estimating noise variance, comprising:

means for receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates being time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols; and

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFDM symbols using the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OPDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols.

64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged using a non-causal filter.

65. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the effective noise variance for the in-band tones of said one of the OFDM symbols is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the in-band tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates, the noise variance being estimated from the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and the channel estimates for the in-band pilot tones of said one of the OFDM symbols.

66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the combined weighted noise variance estimates is scaled by a means for scaling, the means for scaling being a function of time-averaging weights for said one of the OFDM symbols.

67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the means for scaling is further a function of the delay spread used to estimate the channel and the number of pilot tones in said one of the OFDM symbols.

68. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates is substantially equal to the actual noise variance.

69. An apparatus for estimating noise variance, comprising:

means for receiving a signal including a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols each having in-band tones including in-band pilot tones, and band-edge tones including band-edge pilot tones and guard tones;

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the in-band tones of one of the OFDM symbols using the in-band pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols and channel estimates for said one of the OFDM symbols; and

means for estimating an effective noise variance for the band-edge tones of said one of the OFOM symbols by estimating an average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones from the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, the channel estimates for the band-edge pilot tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, and the guard tones for said one of the OFDM symbols, assigning the edge tones of the OFDM symbol to an effective noise variance equal to the maximum of the average effective noise variance for the band-edge tones and the effective noise variance for the in-band tones, and interpolating the effective noise variance for the band-edge tones between the effective noise variance of the edge tones and the effective noise variance of the in-band tones.

70. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the average effective noise variance is estimated by estimating a noise variance for the band-edge tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, weighting the noise variance estimates, combining the weighted noise variance estimates, and scaling the combined weighted noise variance estimates.

71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the average effective noise variance is further estimated by weighting the guard tones of one or more of the OFDM symbols, combining the weighted guard tones, and scaling the combined weighted guard tones.

72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the weights applied to the noise variance estimates and the guard tones are such that the mean of the combined weighted noise variance estimates and the combined weighted guard tones is substantially equal to the effective noise variance in the absence of adjacent channel interference.

73. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged over two or more of the OFDM symbols.

74. The apparatus of claim 73, wherein the channel estimates are time averaged using a non-causal means for filtering.