Portable apparatus that delivers power and information to implantable devices

• US 7,672,732 B2
• Filed: 03/29/2007
• Issued: 03/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Pittsburgh of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education
• Original Assignee: University of Pittsburgh of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education
• Inventors: Zhao, Jun, Sclabassi, Robert J., Li, Daliang L., Sun, Mingui, Hackworth, Steven
• Primary Examiner(s): Souw; Bernard E
• Application Number:
  US11/693,465
• Publication Number:
  US 20070228273A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,069 Days
• Field of Search: 607/27, 607 29- 37, 607 59- 62, 607/64, 607/67, 607/113, 607/115, 607/116, 128/869, 128/870, 128/876, 128/902, 128/903, 128/202.22, 455/92, 455/95, 455/100, 455/106, 455/127.5, 455/628, 455/899, 250/336.1, 250/339.06, 250/340, 250/370.04, 250/393, 250/395, 340/333
• US Class Current: 607/116
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37229 Shape or location of the implanted or external antenna
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source

Abstract

An apparatus for powering an implant includes first energy interface elements, a removeably attachable holding device and a first energy source, such as a battery. An energy conversion circuit converts first energy into second energy which is transmitted within the body of the patient to the implant. Also, an apparatus for providing information to an implant that includes first energy interface elements and a housing that includes a processor operatively coupled to the first energy interface elements and an energy source operatively coupled to the processor. The processor is structured to generate an information signal and cause the signal to be transmitted within the body of the patient for delivery to the implant. Associated methods are also provided.

Claims

1. An apparatus for providing power to a device implanted within the body of a patient, comprising:

one or more first energy interface elements;

a holding device having an energy conversion circuit operatively coupled to said one or more first energy interface elements, said holding device and said one or more first energy interface elements being structured to be removeably attached to the exterior of the body of said patient; and

a first energy source operatively associated with said holding device, said first energy source being operatively coupled to said energy conversion circuit;

wherein said energy conversion circuit is structured to receive first energy from said first energy source and convert said first energy into second energy which is provided to said one or more first energy interface elements, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements transmit said second energy within the body of said patient, wherein at least a portion of said second energy is received by one or more second energy interface elements associated with said implanted device and is used to charge a second energy source of said implanted device.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an attachment pad structured to be removeably attached to the exterior of the body of said patient, wherein said holding device and said one or more first energy interface elements are attached to said attachment pad, and wherein said first energy source is held by said holding device.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first energy source is held by said holding device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second energy comprises AC current, and wherein said AC current is transmitted within the body of said patient through volume conduction.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said AC current is transmitted within the body of said patient through ionic fluid present in the body of said patient.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said first energy comprises DC current, and wherein said energy conversion circuit converts said DC current into said AC current.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a plurality of first electrodes and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a plurality of second electrodes.

8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a plurality of first electrodes and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a plurality of second electrodes.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first coil, wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a second coil, wherein said second energy is RF energy, wherein said second energy in the form of said RF energy is radiated by said first coil and transmitted within said body of said patient, wherein said at least a portion of said second energy in the form of at least a portion of said RF energy induces a current in said second coil, and wherein said current is used to charge said second energy source.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second energy is ultrasonic energy.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second energy is optical energy.

12. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said holding device is removeably attached to said attachment pad.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said holding device is removeably attached to said attachment pad by a snap connection.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said energy conversion circuit is electrically connected to said one or more first energy interface elements through said snap connection.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first energy source is a battery.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said battery is held by said holding device by being snap fit into said holding device.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said battery is fit into said holding device, wherein said holding device has a substantially flat bottom portion and one or more walls extending upwardly from said bottom portion and wherein said one or more walls exert a holding force against said battery when said battery is fit into said holding device.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said battery is wirelessly electrically connected to said energy conversion circuit when said battery is fit into said holding device.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said battery is a disk shaped battery, and wherein said bottom portion of said holding device is disk shaped.

20. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible pad.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible foam pad.

22. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said attachment pad includes an adhesive material on an outer surface thereof for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient.

23. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said attachment pad includes a magnetized material having a first polarity for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient by being attracted to a magnetized area of said implanted device, said magnetized area having a second polarity opposite said first polarity.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein said magnetized material comprises a magnetized polymeric material.

25. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said attachment pad includes a matrix of spikes provided on an outer surface thereof for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient by hooking the epidermis of the body of said patient.

26. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second energy source comprises a rechargeable battery.

27. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second energy source comprises a supercapacitor.

28. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first electrode and a second electrode and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a third electrode and a fourth electrode.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said first electrode has a first shape, said second electrode has a second shape, said third electrode has a third shape and said fourth electrode has a fourth shape, and wherein said first shape substantially matches said third shape and said second shape substantially matches said fourth shape.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially rectangular.

31. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially semicircular.

32. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes each comprises a four sided shape having a first substantially straight side, and an arcuate side located opposite said first substantially straight side, wherein a first end of said arcuate side is connected to a first end of said first substantially straight side by a second substantially straight side, and wherein a second end of said arcuate side is connected to a second end of said first substantially straight side by a second substantially straight side.

33. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially annular.

34. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said first and third electrodes have an annular shape and said second and fourth electrode have a circular shape.

35. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of said first and second electrodes have a substantially rectangular shape.

36. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of said first and second electrodes have a substantially annular shape.

37. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first circular electrode and second, third and fourth annular electrodes, and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a plurality of device electrodes.

38. The apparatus according to claim 37, wherein said device electrodes comprise at least a second circular electrode and a fifth annular electrode.

39. The apparatus according to claim 37, wherein said second energy transmitted within the body of said patient includes a first current emitted through said first circular electrode and said fourth annular electrode and a second current emitted through said second and third annular electrodes, said second current at least partially blocking a shorting current generated by said apparatus.

40. The apparatus according to claim 39, wherein said second and third annular electrodes are located between said first circular electrode and said fourth annular electrode.

41. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said holding device further includes communication circuitry operatively coupled to said one or more first energy interface elements for generating an information signal which is provided to said one or more first energy interface elements and transmitted by said one or more first energy interface elements within the body of said patient for delivery to said one or more second energy interface elements for use by said implanted device.

42. The apparatus according to claim 41, wherein said information signal is a modulated energy signal modulated with information to be provided to said implanted device.

43. An apparatus for providing information to a device implanted within the body of a patient, comprising:

one or more first energy interface elements; and

a device housing including a processor operatively coupled to said one or more first energy interface elements and an energy source operatively coupled to said processor, said device housing and said one or more first energy interface elements being structured to be removeably attached to the exterior of the body of said patient;

wherein said processor is structured to generate an information signal and cause said one or more first energy interface elements to transmit said information signal within the body of said patient for delivery to one or more second energy interface elements associated with said implanted device.

44. The apparatus according to claim 43, further comprising an attachment pad structured to be removeably attached to the exterior of the body of said patient, wherein said device housing and said one or more first energy interface elements are attached to said attachment pad.

45. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said information signal is a modulated energy signal modulated with the information to be provided to said device implanted within the body of a patient.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein said modulated energy signal comprises a plurality of AC current pulses.

47. The apparatus according to claim 46, wherein said AC current pulses are transmitted within the body of said patient through volume conduction.

48. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said AC current pulses are transmitted within the body of said patient through ionic fluid present in the body of said patient.

49. The apparatus according to claim 46, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a plurality of first electrodes and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a plurality of second electrodes.

50. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first coil, wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a second coil, wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated RF energy signal, wherein said modulated energy signal in the form of said modulated RF energy signal is radiated by said first coil, is transmitted within said body of said patient, and induces a current in said second coil.

51. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated ultrasonic energy signal.

52. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein said wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated optical energy signal.

53. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said device housing further includes a display and one or more input elements in electronic communication with said processor.

54. The apparatus according to claim 53, wherein said display comprises an LCD.

55. The apparatus according to claim 53, wherein said input elements comprise one or more keys for inputting data including one or more commands into said processor.

56. The apparatus according to claim 55, wherein said input elements further comprise one or more activation buttons for selectively initiating the transmission of said information signal.

57. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said processor is a microprocessor.

58. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said processor is a microcontroller.

59. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said processor is further structured to generate a data acquisition signal and cause said one or more first energy interface elements to transmit said data acquisition signal within the body of said patient, wherein said data acquisition signal is received by said one or more second energy interface elements and causes said implanted device to generate a data signal and cause said one or more second energy interface elements to transmit said data signal within the body of said patient, and wherein said data signal is received by said one or more first energy interface elements and provided to said processor.

60. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said device housing is removeably attached to said attachment pad.

61. The apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said device housing is removeably attached to said attachment pad by a snap connection.

62. The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein said processor is electrically connected to said one or more first energy interface elements through said snap connection.

63. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said energy source is a battery.

64. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible pad.

65. The apparatus according to claim 64, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible foam pad.

66. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said attachment pad includes an adhesive material on an outer surface thereof for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient.

67. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said attachment pad includes a magnetized material having a first polarity for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient by being attracted to a magnetized area of said implanted device, said magnetized area having a second polarity opposite said first polarity.

68. The apparatus according to claim 67, wherein said magnetized material comprises a magnetized polymeric material.

69. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said attachment pad includes a matrix of spikes provided on an outer surface thereof for removeably attaching said attachment pad to the exterior of the body of said patient by hooking the epidermis of the body of said patient.

70. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first electrode and a second electrode and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a third electrode and a fourth electrode.

71. The apparatus according to claim 70, wherein said first electrode has a first shape, said second electrode has a second shape, said third electrode has a third shape and said fourth electrode has a fourth shape, and wherein said first shape substantially matches said third shape and said second shape substantially matches said fourth shape.

72. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially rectangular.

73. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially semicircular.

74. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes each comprises a four sided shape having a first substantially straight side, and an arcuate side located opposite said first substantially straight side, wherein a first end of said arcuate side is connected to a first end of said first substantially straight side by a second substantially straight side, and wherein a second end of said arcuate side is connected to a second end of said first substantially straight side by a second substantially straight side.

75. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein said first, second, third and fourth shapes are substantially annular.

76. The apparatus according to claim 70, wherein said first and third electrode have an annular shape and said second and fourth electrode have a circular shape.

77. The apparatus according to claim 49, wherein each of said first and second electrodes have a substantially rectangular shape.

78. The apparatus according to claim 49, wherein each of said first and second electrodes have a substantially annular shape.

79. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first circular electrode and second, third and fourth annular electrodes, and wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a plurality of device electrodes.

80. The apparatus according to claim 79, wherein said device electrodes comprise at least a second circular electrode and a fifth annular electrode.

81. The apparatus according to claim 79, wherein said information signal transmitted within the body of said patient includes a first current emitted through said first circular electrode and said fourth annular electrode and a second current emitted through said second and third annular electrodes, said second current at least partially blocking a shorting current generated by said apparatus.

82. The apparatus according to claim 81, wherein said second and third annular electrodes are located between said first circular electrode and said fourth annular electrode.

83. A method of providing power to a device implanted within the body of a patient, comprising:

removeably attaching a pad to the exterior of the body of said patient, said pad having one or more first energy interface elements;

providing first energy from a first energy source associated with said pad;

converting said first energy into second energy;

providing said second energy to said one or more first energy interface elements;

transmitting said second energy within the body of said patient through said one or more first energy interface elements;

receiving at least a portion of said second energy at one or more second energy interface elements associated with said implanted device; and

using said at least a portion of said second energy to charge a second energy source of said device.

84. The method according to claim 83, wherein said second energy comprises AC current, and wherein transmitting step comprises transmitting said AC current within the body of said patient through volume conduction.

85. The method according to claim 84, wherein said AC current is transmitted within the body of said patient through ionic fluid present in the body of said patient.

86. The method according to claim 84, wherein said first energy comprises DC current, and wherein said converting step comprises converting said DC current into said AC current.

87. The method according to claim 83, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first coil, wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a second coil, wherein said second energy is RF energy, wherein said transmitting step comprises radiating said RF energy by said first coil, wherein said at least a portion of said second energy in the form of at least a portion of said RF energy induces a current in said second coil, and wherein said using step comprises using said current to charge said second energy source.

88. The method according to claim 83, wherein said second energy is ultrasonic energy.

89. The method according to claim 83, wherein said second energy is optical energy.

90. The method according to claim 83, wherein said energy source is a battery.

91. The method according to claim 83, further comprising removeably attaching said energy source to said pad.

92. The method according to claim 83, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible pad.

93. The method according to claim 92, wherein said attachment pad comprises a flexible foam pad.

94. The method according to claim 83, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using an adhesive material provided on an outer surface of said pad.

95. The method according to claim 83, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using a magnetized material having a first polarity provided with said pad, said magnetized material being attracted to a magnetized area of said implanted device, said magnetized area having a second polarity opposite said first polarity.

96. The method according to claim 83, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using a matrix of spikes provided on an outer surface of said pad by hooking the epidermis of the body of said patient with said spikes.

97. The method according to claim 83, wherein said transmitting step comprises transmitting a first current and a second current, said second current at least partially blocking a shorting current that is present during said transmitting step.

98. The method according to claim 83, further comprising generating an information signal, providing said information signal to said one or more first energy interface elements, and transmitting said information signal within the body of said patient through said one or more first energy interface elements for delivery to said second energy interface elements for use by said implanted device.

99. A method of providing information to a device implanted within the body of a patient, comprising:

removeably attaching a pad to the body of said patient, said pad having one or more first energy interface elements;

generating an information signal using a processor associated with said pad;

providing said information signal to said one or more first energy interface elements;

transmitting said information signal within the body of said patient through said one or more first energy interface elements; and

receiving said information signal at one or more second energy interface elements associated with said implanted device.

100. The method according to claim 99, wherein said information signal comprises a modulated energy signal modulated with the information to be provided to said implanted device.

101. The method according to claim 100, wherein said modulated energy signal comprises a plurality of AC current pulses and wherein transmitting step comprises transmitting said AC current pulses within the body of said patient through volume conduction.

102. The method according to claim 100, wherein said one or more first energy interface elements comprise a first coil, wherein said one or more second energy interface elements comprise a second coil, wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated RF energy signal, wherein said transmitting step comprises radiating said modulated RF energy signal by said first coil, wherein said radiated modulated RF energy signal induces a current in said second coil.

103. The method according to claim 100, wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated ultrasonic energy signal.

104. The method according to claim 100, wherein said modulated energy signal is a modulated optical energy signal.

105. The method according to claim 99, further comprising removeably attaching said processor to said pad.

106. The method according to claim 99, wherein said pad comprises a flexible pad.

107. The method according to claim 106, wherein said pad comprises a flexible foam pad.

108. The method according to claim 99, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using an adhesive material provided on an outer surface of said pad.

109. The method according to claim 99, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using a magnetized material having a first polarity provided with said pad, said magnetized material being attracted to a magnetized area of said implanted device, said magnetized area having a second polarity opposite said first polarity.

110. The method according to claim 99, wherein said removeably attaching step comprises removeably attaching said pad using a matrix of spikes provided on an outer surface of said pad by hooking the epidermis of the body of said patient with said spikes.

111. The method according to claim 99, wherein said transmitting step comprises transmitting a first current and a second current, said second current at least partially blocking a shorting current that is present during said transmitting step.