Turn-off of gate-controlled switch

• US 7,679,425 B2
• Filed: 01/09/2007
• Issued: 03/16/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ABB Schweiz AG (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: Abb Oy (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Miettinen, Erkki
• Primary Examiner(s): Donovan; Lincoln
• Assistant Examiner(s): Poos; John W
• Application Number:
  US11/650,986
• Publication Number:
  US 20070170975A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,162 Days
• Field of Search: 327/108, 327/377, 327/434
• US Class Current: 327/434
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/166 Soft switching
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/168 in composite switches

Abstract

A gate-controlled switch configuration comprising a gate-controlled switch (V4) and a gate driver system (Ctrl, D1, D2, V1, V2), which in its first functional state is configured to change the amount of charge (Qgate) in the gate (G) of the gate-controlled switch (V4) to provide a normal turn-off functionality for the gate-controlled switch (V4), and in its second functional state it is configured to maintain the amount of charge (Qgate) in the gate (G) of the gate-controlled switch (V4) substantially constant. The gate driver system (Ctrl, D1, D2, V1, V2) is configured to produce a soft turn-off functionality during which the gate driver system (Ctrl, D1, D2, V1, V2) is in the first functional state a plural number of times, and between the subsequent first functional states it is in its second functional state.

Claims

1. A gate controlled switch configuration comprising:

a gate-controlled switch and a gate driver system connected to a gate of the gate controlled switch, the gate driver system including a controller adapted to output control signals, the gate driver system has a first functional state and a second functional state, in its first functional state the gate driver system is configured to change the amount of charge in the gate of the gate-controlled switch to provide a normal turn-off functionality for the gate-controlled switch and in its second functional state the gate driver system is configured to maintain the amount of charge in the gate of the gate-controlled switch substantially constant, the gate driver system adopts its first or second functional state based on control signals of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to produce a soft turn-off functionality during which the gate driver system adopts the first functional state a plural number of times, and between the subsequent first functional states the gate driver system is in its second functional state,

wherein the controller is configured to change the ratio of the durations of the first functional states to the durations of the second functional states during the soft turn-off functionality by altering the duration of individual first functional states and/or by changing their number per time unit.

2. The configuration according to claim 1, wherein during the soft turn-off functionality the ratio of the durations of the first functional states to the durations of the second functional states is greater when the gate voltage is at the Miller plateau than when the gate voltage is outside the Miller plateau.

3. The configuration according to claim 2, wherein during the soft turn-off functionality, when the gate voltage is above the Miller plateau and/or when the gate voltage is below the Miller plateau, the controller is configured to increase the ratio of the durations of the first functional states to the durations of the second functional states as a function of time by extending the duration of individual first functional states and/or by increasing their number per time unit.

4. The configuration according to claim 2, wherein the gate driver system comprises a first output stage switch and a second output stage switch and each of the output stage switches may be selectively controlled to a conductive state and a non-conductive state by the controller, the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch being connected to the gate of the gate controlled switch such that the first functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a first combination of the states of the output stage switches and the second functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a second combination of the states of the output stage switches.

5. The configuration according to claim 1, wherein during the soft turn-off functionality, when the gate voltage is above the Miller plateau and/or when the gate voltage is below the Miller plateau, the controller is configured to increase the ratio of the durations of the first functional states to the durations of the second functional states as a function of time by extending the duration of individual first functional states and/or by increasing their number per time unit.

6. The configuration according to claim 5, wherein the gate driver system comprises a first output stage switch and a second output stage switch and each of the output stage switches may be selectively controlled to a conductive state and a non-conductive state by the controller, the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch being connected to the gate of the gate controlled switch such that the first functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a first combination of the states of the output stage switches and the second functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a second combination of the states of the output stage switches.

7. The configuration according to claim 1, wherein the gate driver system comprises a first output stage switch and a second output stage switch and each of the output stage switches may be selectively controlled to a conductive state and a non-conductive state by the controller, the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch being connected to the gate of the gate controlled switch such that the first functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a first combination of the states of the output stage switches and the second functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a second combination of the states of the output stage switches.

8. The configuration according to claim 7, wherein the gate driver system further comprises a first separator configured to selectively control the first output stage switch to a conductive state and a non-conductive state, a second separator configured to selectively control the second output stage switch to a conductive state and a non-conductive state, the controller being adapted control the separators by the control signals.

9. The configuration according to claim 1, wherein the gate driver system comprises a first output stage switch and a second output stage switch and each of the output stage switches may be selectively controlled to a conductive state and a non-conductive state by the controller, the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch being connected to the gate of the gate controlled switch such that the first functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a first combination of the states of the output stage switches and the second functional state of the gate driver system is achieved by a second combination of the states of the output stage switches.

10. A method for providing a soft turn-off functionality of a gate-controlled switch, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

(a) changing the charge of the gate of the gate-controlled switch during a predetermined time period in the same way as in a normal turn-off of the gate-controlled switch;

(b) maintaining the charge of the gate substantially constant during a predetermined time period; and

(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) for a plural number of times until predetermined conditions are met.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined conditions are met when it is safe to start using normal, continuous turn-off of the gate-controlled switch.

12. A gate-controlled switch configuration comprising:

a gate-controlled switch, a gate driver system connected to a gate of the gate controlled switch, and a controller adapted to control the gate driver system by control signals, the gate driver system has a first functional state and a second functional state, in its first functional state the gate driver system is adapted to change the amount of charge in the gate of the gate-controlled switch in order to provide a normal turn-off functionality for the gate controlled switch, and in its second functional state the gate driver system is adapted to maintain the amount of charge in the gate of the gate-controlled witch substantially constant, the gate driver system adopts it first or second functional state based on control signals of the controller, wherein the controller has a soft turn-off state in which the controller controls the gate driver system to the first functional state in a plural number of times, and between the subsequent first functional states the controller controls the gate drive system to the second functional state,

wherein the gate driver system comprises a first output stage switch and a second output stage switch, both the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch having a conducting state and a non-conducting state, the controller being adapted to change the state of both the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch between the conducting state and the non-conducting state by the control signals, wherein the first functional state of the gate driver system is achieved with a first state combination of the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch, and the second functional state of the gate driver system is achieved with a second state combination of the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch, and

wherein the first state combination the first output stage switch is in the non-conducting state and the second output stage switch is in the conducting state, and in the second state combination both the first output stage switch and the second output stage switch are in the non-conducting state.