Method for autonomous establishment and utilization of an active-RF tag network

• US 7,683,761 B2
• Filed: 01/26/2005
• Issued: 03/23/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Skorpik, James R., Burghard, Brion J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brown; Vernal U
• Application Number:
  US11/044,944
• Publication Number:
  US 20060164213A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,882 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.2, 340/10.1, 340/572.1, 340/539.12, 340/10.4, 340/10.5, 340/825.72, 340/10.3, 370/392, 370/338, 709/238, 709/203, 455/41.2, 455/456.1, 455/517
• US Class Current: 340/10.2
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/02 Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/248 Connectivity information update
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0219 where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks

Abstract

Methods to autonomously establish and utilize a network of active RF tags can include the steps of providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, providing at least one data collection node, registering the active RF tags, populating a routing index stored in each tag'"'"'s data storage device, and communicating data between the active RF tags and the data collection node according to the routing indices. The method can be implemented on a computer-readable medium.

Claims

1. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), which comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node, by compelling level n+1 nodes to report their unit identifiers to level n nodes, updating routing indices of said level n nodes with the unit identifiers of level n+1 nodes, sending to said data collection node by said level n nodes a transmission comprising level n+1 node unit identifiers, and updating registration status of said level n+1 nodes, wherein said updating occurs when said level n+1 nodes receive said transmission;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag and provide path data for communication between registered nodes; and

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said active RF tags further comprise a segment identifier.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said active RF tags further comprise a unit identifier.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one power consumption mode comprises a power-saving sleep mode, a low-power RF sniff mode, and a fast RF sniff mode.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a stimulus prompts a change in said power-consumption modes.

6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein said stimulus is selected from the group consisting of a time alarm, a received command, RF energy, a sensor event, and combinations thereof.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said active RF tag further comprises a sensor for acquiring situational data.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein said situational data comprises data selected from the group consisting of temperature, acceleration, vibrations, shock, motion, strain, humidity, pressure, radiation, electrical fields, conductivity, impedance, magnetic fields, electromagnetic irradiation, chemical, biological, flow, viscosity, density, sound, ultrasound, and combinations thereof.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein said biological data comprises data selected from the group consisting of proteins, enzymes, antigens, antibodies, DNA sequences, human vital signs, and combinations thereof.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said routing indices comprise routing tables.

11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said routing indices are implemented as circular buffers having limited sizes.

12. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure comprises at least one fixed length.

13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein a first fixed length comprises a short message frame.

14. The method as recited in claim 13, wherein said short message frame comprises data selected from the group consisting of commands and short responses.

15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein a second fixed length comprises a long message frame comprising a data stream.

16. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein said data stream comprises data selected from the group consisting of routing indices, sensor control strings, tag control strings, sensor data, active-node locations, and combinations thereof.

17. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure comprises an address field.

18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein said address field comprises addresses selected from the group consisting of a target-node unit identifier, a sender-node unit identifier, an originator-node unit identifier, a segment identifier, and combinations thereof.

19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein said target-node unit identifier comprises a broadcast-command value, said broadcast command value indicating a message is intended for all tags within said transmission range.

20. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure further comprises a message ID field.

21. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure further comprises a message descriptor field.

22. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure further comprises at least one message-descriptor modifier field.

23. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said message frame structure comprises check sums.

24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein said check sums are selected from the group consisting of header check sums, data packet check sums, and combinations thereof.

25. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said communicating comprises exchanging data arranged according to a means for structuring data.

26. The method as recited in claim 1, implemented on a computer readable medium.

27. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), wherein said level n nodes comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices comprise routing tables having GPS-location data for said registered level n nodes (for ≦

n≦

N), are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag, and provide path data for communication between registered nodes;

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field.

28. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier that associates the active RF tag with a particular deployment purpose and distinguishes it from other active RF tags having a different deployment purpose, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), which comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node, by compelling level n+1 nodes to report their unit identifiers to level n nodes, updating routing indices of said level n nodes with the unit identifiers of level n+1 nodes, sending to said data collection node by said level n nodes a transmission comprising level n+1 node unit identifiers, and updating registration status of said level n+1 nodes, wherein said updating occurs when said level n+1 nodes receive said transmission;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag and provide path data for communication between registered nodes; and

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field.

29. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), wherein said level n nodes comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag and provide path data for communication between registered nodes;

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field and an address field having addresses selected from the group consisting of a target-node unit identifier, a sender-node unit identifier, an originator-node unit identifier, a segment identifier, and combinations thereof, and wherein said sender-node unit identifier is updated when a new tag relays a received message frame.

30. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), wherein said level n nodes comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag and provide path data for communication between registered nodes;

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field and at least one message-descriptor modifier field used to assign said active nodes a transmit time slot when a plurality of active RF tags are transmitting.

31. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of active RF tags within a volume of interest, each active RF tag comprising an application identifier, wherein said active RF tag maximizes battery life by utilizing a plurality of power consumption modes;

providing at least one data collection node;

registering level n nodes (1≦

n≦

N), wherein said level n nodes comprise active RF tags accessible directly or indirectly by said data collection node;

populating routing indices of registered nodes using connection strings, wherein said routing indices are stored in a data storage device of each registered active RF tag and provide path data for communication between registered nodes;

communicating data between said active RF tags and said data collection node according to said routing indices;

thereby autonomously establishing and utilizing an active-RF-tag network, wherein said method utilizes a message frame structure for communications, said message frame structure comprising an application identifier field and at least one message-descriptor modifier field used to seed a pseudo-random number generator.