Wireless communication device having variable gain device and method therefor

• US 7,684,776 B2
• Filed: 12/24/2002
• Issued: 03/23/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Nation, Med A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Urban; Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hannon; Christian A
• Application Number:
  US10/328,956
• Publication Number:
  US 20040121750A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,646 Days
• Field of Search: 455/561, 455/500, 455/501, 455/504, 455/506, 455/562.1, 455/101, 455/103, 455/127.1, 455/127.2, 455/127.3, 455/272, 455/273, 455/275, 455/276.1
• US Class Current: 455/276.1
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/242 specially adapted for hand-held use
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/08 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path waveguide fed H01Q21/0037
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/28 varying the amplitude
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/36 with variable phase-shifters

Abstract

Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a wireless device has an array of antennas. A signal is provided to one of the antenna by two variable gain amplifiers, one of which processes a signal that is shifted in phase compared to the signal processed by the other variable gain amplifier.

Claims

1. A wireless communication device, comprising:

an antenna array comprising a first antenna and a second antenna;

a first gain modulator coupled to the first antenna and a second gain modulator coupled to the second antenna, the first and second gain modulators each comprising;

a first signal path comprising a phase shift element to bidirectionally shift a phase of a signal passing through the first signal path a predetermined fixed amount, and a first variable gain device to bidirectionally vary an amplitude of the signal passing through the first signal path; and

a second signal path comprising a second variable gain device to bidirectionally vary an amplitude of a signal passing through the second signal path, each of the amplitude of the signal passing through the first signal path and the amplitude of the signal passing through the second signal path being capable of being independently and simultaneously controlled with respect to the amplitude of the signal of the other signal path, the first signal path of the first gain modulator being summed with the second signal path of the second gain modulator to form a summed signal comprising an amplitude that is based on the sum of the amplitudes of the signals in the first and second signal paths and comprising a phase that is based on the predetermined fixed phase shift, and the summed signal being coupled to a respective one of the first antenna or the second antenna; and

a processor capable of adjusting the amplitude of the signal passing through at least one of the first signal path and the second signal path of at least one of the first gain modulator and the second gain modulator or combinations thereof, in accordance with a beam forming computation to transmit a signal of a desired characteristic, or receive a signal, or combinations thereof by the first antenna and the second antenna.

2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the first variable gain device comprises a bidirectional variable gain amplifier.

3. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device is a device selected from the group comprising:

a base station, a portable communication device, an access point, or combinations thereof.

4. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined fixed amount of bidirectional phase shift of the phase shift element being selected from about 1 degree to about 180 degrees.

5. The wireless communication device of claim 4, wherein predetermined fixed amount of bidirectional phase shift is selected to be about 90 degrees.

6. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the first variable gain device comprises a bidirectional attenuator.

7. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein the second variable gain device comprises a bidirectional attenuator.

8. The wireless communication device of claim 1, further comprising a power combiner to form the summed signal from the first and the second signal paths of at least one of the first gain modulator and the second gain modulator, the power combiner coupling the summed signal to a respective one of the first antenna or the second antenna.

9. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein an input signal to the phase shift element is substantially equal to an input signal to the second variable gain device.

10. The wireless communication device of claim 9, further comprising a power splitter coupled to the phase shift element and the second variable gain device of at least one of the first gain module and the second gain module, the power splitter providing the input signal to the phase shift element and the second variable gain device of the gain module.

11. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the phase shift element comprises a hybrid phase splitter or an inductor-capacitor (LC) phase shift network, or combinations thereof.

12. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the phase shift element comprises a transmission line.

13. The wireless communication device of claim 12, wherein the transmission line has a length that is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of an input signal to the second variable gain device.

14. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device is adapted to dynamically vary the gain of one of the first variable gain device and the second variable gain device.

15. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the wireless communication device is adapted to vary the gain of the first variable gain device independently from the gain of the second variable gain device.

16. An apparatus, comprising:

a first antenna and a second antenna;

a first gain modulator coupled to the first antenna and a second gain modulator coupled to the second antenna, the first and second gain modulators each comprising;

a first signal processing path comprising a first bidirectional variable attenuator, the first signal processing path being adapted to bidirectionally vary an amplitude of a signal passing through the first signal processing path;

a second signal processing path comprising a bidirectional phase shifting element and second bidirectional variable attenuator, the second signal processing path being adapted to bidirectionally shift a phase of a signal passing through the second signal processing path a predetermined fixed amount and bidirectionally vary an amplitude of the signal passing through the second signal processing path, each of the amplitude of the signal passing through the second signal processing path and the amplitude of the signal passing through the first signal processing path being capable of being independently and simultaneously controlled with respect to the amplitude of the signal of the other signal processing path, the first signal processing path of the first gain modulator being summed with the second signal processing path of the second gain modulator to form a summed signal comprising an amplitude that is based on the sum of the amplitudes of the signals in the first and second signal processing paths and comprising a phase that is based on the predetermined fixed phase shift, and the summed signal being coupled to a respective one of the first antenna or the second antenna; and

a processor capable of adjusting the amplitude of the signal passing through at least one of the first signal processing path and the second signal processing path of at least one of the first gain modulator and the second gain modulator or combinations thereof, in accordance with a beam forming computation to transmit a signal of a desired characteristic, or receive a signal, or combinations thereof by the first antenna and the second antenna.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional phase shifting element receives an input signal for the second signal processing path.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional phase shifting element provides an output signal of the second signal processing path.

19. A method, comprising:

for each antenna in an array of two or more antennas, modulating signals at the antennas in the array by;

providing a first signal processing path and a second signal processing path, the first signal processing path comprising a bidirectional variable gain device, the second signal processing path comprising a bidirectional phase shifting element and a bidirectional variable gain device;

bidirectionally varying an amplitude a signal passing through at least one of the first or second signal processing paths independently from and simultaneously with the respectively other signal path as determined by the respective bidirectional variable gain device;

bidirectionally shifting a phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path by a predetermined fixed amount;

summing the signal passing through the first signal processing path and the signal passing through the second signal processing path to form a summed signal comprising an amplitude that is based on the sum of the amplitudes of the signals in the first and second signal processing paths and comprising a phase that is based on the predetermined fixed phase shift and coupling the summed signal to a respective antenna in the array of antennas; and

adjusting the amplitude of the signal passing through at least one of the first signal processing path and the second signal processing path, or combinations thereof, in accordance with a beam forming computation to transmit a signal of a desired characteristic, or receive a signal, or combinations thereof by the array of antennas.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein bidirectionally shifting the phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path comprises bidirectionally shifting the phase of an input signal to the second signal processing path by the predetermined fixed amount.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein bidirectionally shifting the phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path comprises bidirectionally shifting the phase of a signal providing an output signal of the second signal processing path by the predetermined fixed amount.

22. An article comprising a storage medium having stored thereon instructions, that, if executed by a computing platform, result in:

for each antenna in an array of two or more antennas, modulating signals at the antennas in the array by;

providing a first signal processing path and a second signal processing path, the first signal processing path comprising a bidirectional variable gain device, the second signal processing path comprising a bidirectional phase shifting element and a bidirectional variable gain device;

bidirectionally varying an amplitude a signal passing through at least one of the first or second signal processing paths independently from and simultaneously with the respectively other signal path as determined by the respective bidirectional variable gain device;

bidirectionally shifting a phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path by a predetermined fixed amount;

summing the signal passing through the first signal processing path and the signal passing through the second signal processing path to form a summed signal comprising an amplitude that is based on the sum of the amplitudes of the signals in the first and second signal processing paths and comprising a phase that is based on the predetermined fixed phase shift and coupling the summed signal to a respective antenna in the array of antennas; and

adjusting the amplitude of the signal passing through at least one of the first signal processing path and the second signal processing path, or combinations thereof, in accordance with a beam forming computation to transmit a signal of a desired characteristic, or receive a signal, or combinations thereof by the array of antennas.

23. The article of claim 22, wherein bidirectionally shifting the phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path comprises bidirectionally shifting the phase of an input signal to the second signal processing path by the predetermined fixed amount.

24. The article of claim 22, wherein bidirectionally shifting the phase of the signal passing through the second signal processing path comprises bidirectionally shifting the phase of a signal providing an output signal of the second signal processing path by the predetermined fixed amount.