Surface activated biochip

• US 7,687,256 B2
• Filed: 04/11/2002
• Issued: 03/30/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/11/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Spire Corporation
• Original Assignee: Spire Corporation
• Inventors: Little, Roger G.
• Primary Examiner(s): LU, FRANK WEI MIN
• Application Number:
  US10/120,974
• Publication Number:
  US 20100004144A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,910 Days
• Field of Search: 435/6, 435/7.1, 435/91.1, 435/183, 435/283.1, 435/287.1, 435/287.2, 436/94, 436/501, 536/23.1, 536/24.3, 536/24.33, 536/25.3, 530/300, 530/350, 422/50, 422/68.1, 422/681
• US Class Current: 435/287.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00445 Ion implantation
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00529 DNA chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00531 essentially square
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00576 fluorophore
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00605 the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00608 DNA chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0061 The surface being organic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00612 the surface being inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00619 using hydrophilic or hydrophobic regions
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00621 by physical means, e.g. trenches, raised areas
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00632 Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00637 by coating it with another layer
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00677 Ex-situ synthesis followed by deposition on the substrate
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 for creating libraries

Abstract

The present invention provides substrates having a plurality of micro-locations on its surface. Each micro-location has an effective dose of an ion beam treatment such that the plurality of the micro-locations exhibit an affinity to a compound that is different from the affinity of the remainder of the substrate surface to that compound. The substrates of the invention can be utilized to form microarrays of biological molecules, such as oligonucleotides or peptides. Such microarrays can find a variety of applications. For example, they can be employed in large scale hybridization assays in many genetic applications, such as mapping of genomes, monitoring of gene expression, DNA sequencing, genetic diagnosis, and genotyping of organisms.

Claims

1. A bioanalytical microarray, comprising:

a surface with a plurality of micro-locations, wherein the plurality of micro-locations is in discrete regions of the surface and forms a pattern, and each of micro-locations has a dose density of implanted ions in a range of about 10¹² to about 10¹⁷ ions/cm² such that the plurality of micro-locations has a surface energy different from the rest of the surface and functions as potential energy locations, and exhibits a affinity for a compound which is different from the remainder of the surface, and

a plurality of macromolecules confined to the micro-locations.

2. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the dose of the implanted ions is in a range of about 10¹⁴ to about 10¹⁶ ions/cm² in each of the micro-locations.

3. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the density of the micro-locations present on the surface is in a range of 1 to about 1,000,000 locations/cm².

4. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the density of the micro-locations present on the surface is in a range of about 100 to about 10,000 locations/cm².

5. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the surface is one of glass, nylon, amino or carboxyl activated plastic, silane-coated glass, cellulose, and metal-coated glass.

6. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the surface is a semiconductor substrate.

7. The microarray of claim 6, wherein the semiconductor substrate is one of silicon, gallium, arsenide, and gallium nitride.

8. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the macromolecules comprise different macromolecules and at least two of the micro-locations contain the different macromolecules.

9. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the macromolecules are oligonucleotides.

10. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the macromolecules are peptides.

11. The microarray of claim 1, wherein the macromolecules are nucleic acids.

12. The microarray of claim 1, wherein said implanted ions comprise nitrogen or oxygen ions or argon ions or carbon ions or fluorine ions or chlorine ions or hydrogen ions or helium ions.