Enhanced internal router redundancy

• US 7,693,048 B1
• Filed: 05/04/2007
• Issued: 04/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: O'Riordan, Peter J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Moore, Jr.; Michael J
• Application Number:
  US11/744,649
• Time in Patent Office: 1,068 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/219
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/586 of virtual routers

Abstract

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing redundant data forwarding or routing capabilities. In one embodiment, a network device includes a designated router and a non-designated router. The designated router generally provides layer 3 switching or routing for data received into the network device. Although the non-designated router is active, it generally does not provide forwarding capabilities until the designated router fails. The non-designated router'"'"'s logical interfaces are disabled, while the designated router'"'"'s logical interfaces are enabled. The non-designated router becomes the new designated router when the first designated router fails. In general terms, the routers of the network device provide redundancy with the network being aware of only a single router within network device. That is, the network is only aware of a single router. This is accomplished by having the routers share the same IP and MAC address on each logical interface. The routers do not each also use a unique IP and MAC address in addition to the shared IP and MAC address, in contrast to conventionally configured routers of the hot standby router protocol (HSRP).

Claims

1. A network system operable to forward data within a computer network, the network system comprising:

a first router having a plurality of first virtual interfaces configurable to each correspond to one or more physical ports of the network system, the first router being configured to enable the first virtual interfaces when the first router is assigned to be a designated router and to disable the first virtual interfaces when the first router is not assigned to be a designated router, wherein the first virtual interfaces are each configurable to correspond to different sets of one or more physical ports during different time periods;

a second router having a plurality of second virtual interfaces configurable to correspond selectively to one or more physical ports of the network system, the second router being configured to enable the second virtual interfaces when the second router is assigned to be a designated router and to disable the second virtual interfaces when the second router is not assigned to be a designated router, wherein the second virtual interfaces are each configurable to correspond to different sets of one or more physical ports during different time periods; and

a supervisor module configured to assign a selected one of the first and second routers to be a designated router,

wherein each first virtual interface of the first router has a same internet protocol (IP) address and media access control (MAC) address as a corresponding one of the second virtual interfaces of the second router.

2. A network system as recited in claim 1, wherein

the first router is further configured to inform the second router about any change in a configuration of its first virtual interfaces when it is assigned as the designated router and to change the configuration of its first virtual interfaces to correspond to a change in configuration of the second virtual interfaces when it is not assigned as the designated router and the second router informs the first router of such a change in the configuration of the first virtual interfaces so that the first virtual interfaces have a same number and configuration as the second virtual interfaces, and

the second router is further configured to inform the first router about any change in the configuration of its second virtual interfaces when it is assigned as the designated router and to change the configuration of its second virtual interfaces to correspond to a change in state of the first virtual interfaces when it is not assigned as the designated router and the first router informs the second router of such a change in the configuration of the second virtual interfaces so that the first virtual interfaces have a same number and configuration as the second virtual interfaces as the second virtual interfaces.

3. A network system as recited in claim 2, further comprising a control bus for managing the first and second router and the supervisor module and a data bus through which data is received and transmitted into and out of the physical ports of the network system.

4. A network system as recited in claim 2, wherein the supervisor module is further configured to poll the currently assigned designated router to determine whether the designated router has failed and when the designated router has failed, to assign another of the routers to be a designated router.

5. A network system as recited in claim 2, wherein

the first router is further configured to enable the first virtual interfaces by setting a link state of each first virtual interface to an up state and to disable the first virtual interfaces by setting a link state associated with each first virtual interface to a down state, and

the second router is further configured to enable the second virtual interfaces by setting a link state of each second virtual interface to an up state and to disable the second virtual interfaces by setting a link state associated with each second virtual interface to a down state.

6. A network system as recited in claim 5, the first and second virtual interfaces each have an associated administrative state that is operable to be set by a user or the supervisor module to an up or down state to thereby enable or disable, respectively, the each virtual interface, wherein the first and second routers are each configured to maintain the same states for their virtual interface'"'"'s administrative states as the other router, and wherein each first and second virtual interface are only enabled when its corresponding link state and administrative state both have an up state.

7. A network system as recited in claim 6, wherein

the first router is further configured to communicate to the second router a change of an administrative state of a selected first virtual interface to a down value when the first router is assigned as the designated router and to change the administrative state of the selected first virtual interface to a down state when the second router communicates that its corresponding second virtual interface'"'"'s administrative state has been changed to a down state, and

the second router is further configured to communicate to the first router a change of an administrative state of a selected second virtual interface to a down state when the second router is assigned as the designated router and to change the administrative state of the selected second virtual interface to a down state when the first router communicates that its corresponding first virtual interface'"'"'s administrative state has been changed to a down state.

8. A network system as recited in claim 5, wherein

the first router is further configured to enable a selected first virtual interface when a new virtual local area network (VLAN) that corresponds to one or more physical ports and the selected first virtual interface is created in the supervisor module, a link state of the selected first virtual interface being enabled by setting a corresponding link state to up, when the first router is assigned as the designated router, and

the second router is further configured to enable a selected second virtual interface when a new virtual local area network (VLAN) that corresponds to one or more physical ports and the selected second virtual interface is created in the supervisor module, a link state of the selected second virtual interface being enabled by setting a corresponding link state to up, when the second router is assigned as the designated router.

9. A network system as recited in claim 8, wherein the first router is configured to enable the selected first virtual interface after the first router is informed that the new VLAN has been created and the second router is configured to enable the second virtual interfaces after the second router is informed that the new VLAN has been created.

10. A network system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of virtual interface modules for interfacing with a plurality of physical ports, wherein the first and second virtual interfaces of the first and second routers, respectively, each correspond to one or more of the physical ports.

11. A network system as recited in claim 1, wherein the supervisor module is configured with a plurality of VLAN'"'"'s that each correspond to one or more physical ports.

12. A network system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first router and the second router are each configured to provide layer 3 switching when it is assigned as a designated router, and the supervisor module is configured to provide layer 2 switching.

13. A network system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second router appear together as a single router to other neighboring routers within the computer network.

14. A network system as recited in claim 1, wherein the supervisor module includes a first slot in which the first router is coupled and a second slot in which the second router is coupled.

15. A router redundancy system comprising:

a first network system as recited in claim 1 configured with a hot standby protocol; and

a second network system as recited in claim 1 configured with the hot standby router protocol,

wherein the first network system is configured to act as one of an active router and a standby router within a hot standby router protocol group and the second network system is configured to act as another one of the active router and the standby router within the hot standby router protocol group.