Method and apparatus for dynamic frequency voltage switching circuit synthesis

• US 7,694,266 B1
• Filed: 01/22/2008
• Issued: 04/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cadence Design Systems Incorporated (Cadence Group)
• Original Assignee: Cadence Design Systems Incorporated (Cadence Group)
• Inventors: Sankaralingam, Ranganathan
• Primary Examiner(s): Levin; Naum B
• Application Number:
  US12/017,624
• Time in Patent Office: 805 Days
• Field of Search: 716 4- 6, 716/18, 327/291
• US Class Current: 716/104
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2119/06 Power analysis or power optimisation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2119/12 Timing analysis or timing optimisation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/327 Logic synthesis; Behaviour synthesis, e.g. mapping logic, HDL to netlist, high-level language to RTL or netlist

Abstract

Methods and apparatus provide for automated synthesis of an integrated circuit whose voltage is varied during operation (also known as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling or DVFS). The automation may include estimating technology parameters from timing libraries, and determining a translation factor that can be used in estimating path delays for an arbitrary voltage from path delays at another voltage. The automation may also include estimating a relative difficulty to synthesize a design for meeting sets of timing constraints specified at different operating voltages and frequencies by assigning one of the constraints a common base value among all the sets, translating the other constraint to maintain equivalency of synthesis difficulty, comparing the resulting equivalent constraints to identify a hardest-to-synthesis constraint set, and using that constraint set as a goal for a first synthesis of the circuit.

Claims

1. A computer readable medium storing computer executable instructions for a method useful in synthesis of an integrated circuit, the method comprising:

using a computer to;

receiving a constraint set for each mode at which a circuit to be synthesized is expected to be operable, each constraint set including a voltage and a frequency corresponding to that voltage;

selecting a voltage as a base mode voltage;

translating frequencies corresponding to voltages different from the base mode voltage into equivalent frequencies, each corresponding to the base mode voltage, and indicative of the relative difficulty to synthesize the circuit to be operable within each constraint set; and

based at least in part on the equivalent frequencies, selecting a constraint set for use in a first synthesis of the circuit.

2. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the frequencies are expressed as maximum delays, a frequency (D₁) of a first constraint set corresponds to a voltage (V₁), and is translated to an equivalent frequency corresponding to the base mode voltage by a scaling factor

3. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the technology parameter a has a value less than 2.0.

4. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the parameter a is estimated by synthesizing a reference circuit for minimum path delay in operation at a first reference voltage (V_ref1) and at a second reference voltage (V_ref2), V_ref2≠

V_ref1, determining delays for a selection of paths in the reference circuit for operation at each of V_ref1 and V_ref2, translating respective determined delays (D₁), at V_ref1 operation, for the selection of paths, into respective translated delays (D₂), for V_ref2 operation, from using the relation

5. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the voltage selected as a base mode voltage is a voltage of one of the modes.

6. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein selecting the constraint set includes determining relative synthesis difficulty based on which of the equivalent frequencies is greatest.

7. A computer readable medium storing computer executable instructions for a method useful in synthesis of multimode integrated circuits, the method comprising:

using a computer to;

identifying a first mode and a second mode for operation of an integrated circuit, each of the first mode and the second mode specified by a respective original constraint set comprising at least a first constraint with an original value and a second constraint with an original value;

determining a first constraint base value; and

for each of the first and second modes with an original first constraint value different from the base value, determining a value for a respective second constraint equivalent that approximately represents, with respect to the first constraint base value, a synthesis constraint equivalent to that provided by the original values of the first constraint and the second constraint for that mode.

8. The computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the original constraint set for each of the first mode and the second mode includes a voltage-based first constraint and a timing-based second constraint, and the original value for the voltage-based first constraint of the first mode is determined as the first constraint base value.

9. The computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first mode and the second mode are of a plurality of at least three modes of operation.

10. The computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises comparing the values of the respective second constraint equivalents to identify which of the first mode and the second mode is expected to be more difficult to synthesize.

11. The computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein first constraints of the first mode and the second mode are respective operating voltages, the operating voltage for the first mode different from that of the second mode, second constraints of the first and the second operating modes specify respective minimum operating frequencies, and the step of determining the second constraint value for each equivalent constraint set comprises determining an operating frequency of equivalent synthesis difficulty when the circuit is synthesized at the base value for the operating voltage of the first constraint.

12. The computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first constraint of the first mode is an operating voltage Vdd1 and the first constraint of the second mode is an operating voltage Vdd2, Vdd1≠

Vdd2, the respective second constraints relate to respective maximum clock periods (D1 for the first mode and D2 for the second mode), the base value for each equivalent constraint set is selected as Vdd1, and the step of determining the value for the second constraint of the equivalent constraint set of the second mode includes determining that

13. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the parameter a is estimated based on synthesizing a reference circuit for a fastest possible operation at two different voltages, translating one or more minimum path delays determined through synthesis at one of the voltages to estimated minimum path delays for those paths at the other voltage, using the relation

14. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein V_t is estimated based on synthesizing a reference circuit for minimum path delay in operation at voltage V₁ and at voltage V₂, V₂≠

V₁, determining delays for the same paths in each resulting synthesized reference circuit, translating a determined delay for the synthesized circuit for operation at V₁ (D1) to an estimated delay for the path for operation at V₂ (D₂), using the relation

15. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein V_t and the parameter a are estimated based on synthesizing a reference circuit for minimum path delay in operation at voltage V₁ and at voltage V₂, V₂≠

V₁, determining delays for the same paths in each resulting synthesized reference circuit, translating a determined delay for the synthesized circuit for operation at V₁ (D1) to an estimated delay for the path for operation at V₂ (D₂), using the relation

16. A computer readable medium storing computer executable instructions for a method useful in synthesis of integrated circuits, the method comprising:

using a computer to;

synthesizing a reference integrated circuit based on a component library and for operation at a first voltage and at a second voltage;

obtaining respective synthesized delays for each path of a selection of paths in the integrated circuit for circuit operation at each of the first voltage and at the second voltage;

determining, for the second voltage, delay estimates for each path of the selection of paths, based at least on the first voltage, a threshold voltage, and a technology-specific parameter a; and

selecting values of one or more of the threshold voltage and the parameter a that reduce differences between delay estimates for the second voltage and synthesized delays for the second voltage.

17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, further comprising

estimating differences between respective estimated delays for paths at the second voltage and synthesized delays for those paths at the second voltage;

and

summing the differences;

wherein the selection of values of one or more of the threshold voltage and the parameter a is based on reducing the summation of the differences.

18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein values of one or more of the threshold voltage and the parameter a that minimize the summation of the differences are selected.

19. A method for synthesis of multimode circuits comprising:

using a computer to;

receiving sets of constraints for a plurality of operating modes, at which an integrated circuit to be synthesized is to operate, each constraint set including an operating voltage and a maximum path delay;

selecting one of the operating voltages as a base mode voltage;

translating the maximum path delays of any of the other constraint sets having a voltage different from the base mode voltage into equivalent path delays at the base mode voltage;

determining, based at least on the equivalent path delays, a constraint set expected to be hardest to meet during circuit synthesis; and

providing for synthesizing the integrated circuit with constraints based on the determined constraint set.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the base mode voltage is one of the operating voltages of one of the sets of constraints.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the determining includes ranking the modes in order of synthesis difficulty based at least on the equivalent path delays.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the maximum path delay are specified as respective clock periods.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the maximum path delay are specified as respective clock frequencies.

24. A system for synthesis of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling integrated circuits, the system comprising:

an input configured for receiving a plurality of constraint sets, each constraint set comprising a voltage for operation and a maximum path delay at that voltage;

an input configured for receiving a description of a circuit to be synthesized subject to each of the plurality of constraint sets; and

a processing resource configured for selecting a voltage of one of the constraint sets as a base voltage, translating maximum path delays for other constraint sets to reference the base voltage while maintaining approximate equivalency of synthesis difficulty for that constraint set, determining, based on the translated maximum path delays, which of the constraint sets will pose the most stringent constraints during synthesis, and providing for first synthesis of the circuit to meet those constraints.