In situ optical computation fluid analysis system and method

• US 7,697,141 B2
• Filed: 12/08/2005
• Issued: 04/13/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/09/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Jones, Christopher M., Elrod, Louis W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Geisel; Kara E
• Application Number:
  US11/297,282
• Publication Number:
  US 20060142955A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,587 Days
• Field of Search: 356/445, 356/326
• US Class Current: 356/445
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/114 using light radiation
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/08 Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/15 Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/27 using photo-electric detection G01N21/31 takes precedence; circuits for computing concentration logarithmic circuits G06G7/24; photometric circuits in general G01J
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3577 for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/359 using near infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/552 Attenuated total reflection
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/85 Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/2823 raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures hydrocarbon content of earth materials G01N33/241; prospecting G01V; drilling per se E21B
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/21 Hydrocarbon

Abstract

A multivariate optical element (MOE) calculation device is used in an apparatus for determining a property of petroleum in real time flowing in a pipe in petroleum field stream pipes or pipe line. Multiple apparatuses are provided for determining the amount of each of a plurality of properties. An internal reflectance element (IRE) is used to determine the property of the petroleum from a surface of the petroleum flowing in a pipe. A cleaning apparatus is provided to clean the surface of the IRE in the pipe and a turbulence generator is provided in the pipe to insure homogeneity of the petroleum being analyzed prior to analysis. A bellows may be provided the apparatus housing to compensate for pressure differentials between the housing and the flowing petroleum in the pipe. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for determining at least one property of a moving stream of fluid in a subsurface well comprising:

directing light to interact with the moving stream of fluid in the subsurface well, and causing the fluid to produce interacted light from the directed light;

performing a regression calculation on the interacted light with an optical calculation device responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and the corresponding at least one property; and

determining the at least one property from the at least one output light signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of performing the regression calculation includes generating first and second signals representing respective transmitted and reflected light from the optical calculation device and wherein said determining step includes processing the first and second signals.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of performing the regression analysis comprises applying the interacted light from the fluid to a plurality of stacked optical layers.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the at least one property is selected from the group consisting essentially of asphaltene, saturates, resins, aromatics, solid particulate content, hydrocarbon composition and content, gas composition C1-C6 and content, CO₂, H₂S and correlated PVT properties including GOR, bubble point, density, a formation factor, viscosity, a gas component of a gas phase of petroleum, total stream percentage of water, gas, oil, solid particles, solid types, oil finger printing, reservoir continuity, oil type, and water elements, and wherein the water elements consist essentially of ion composition and content, anions, cations, salinity, organics, Ph, mixing ratios, tracer components, and contamination.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the causing and performing steps are performed on the fluid flowing through a conduit in the well wherein the flowing fluid has a conduit fluid interface surface, and further including repetitively and continuously reflecting light originating from a source onto the interface surface to produce said interacted light.

6. The method of claim 5, further including the step of generating spectroscopic data from the interacted light with a conventional spectroscopic instrument and then using that generated spectroscopic data for producing said optical calculation device.

7. The method of claim 5, further including the step of providing turbulence to the fluid upstream of said interface surface to provide homogeneous distribution of different components in the fluid receiving said reflected light.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the fluid comprises crude petroleum, and wherein the method further includes the step of mechanically cleaning deposits from the crude petroleum on the conduit at the fluid interface surface.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the performing step includes applying the interacted light to a plurality of stacked optical layers forming a multivariate optical calculation device.

10. The method of claim 9, further including the step of providing a plurality of said multivariate optical calculation devices and applying the interacted light to each said device, each device corresponding to a different property to be determined.

12. The method of claim 1, further including providing an internal calibration to correct for drift in value of the calculation value and then determining the at least one property according to that corrected drift value.

38. The method of claim 1 further including performing the regression calculation on the interacted light in the subsurface well and determining the at least one property at a location remote from the calculation device by processing the at least one output light signal at the remote location and for generating a further output signal manifesting the determined property at the remote location.

11. A method for determining at least one property of crude petroleum flowing in a moving stream in a pipe system comprising:

directing light to interact with the moving stream of crude petroleum, and causing the petroleum to produce interacted light from the directed light;

performing a regression calculation on the interacted light with an optical calculation device responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and the corresponding at least one property; and

determining the at least one property from the at least one output light signal; and

wherein the directing light step includes applying the light to an internal reflectance element and then repetitively interacting the light with the petroleum with the internal reflectance element to provide multiple interactions for producing a total penetration of light into the petroleum in an amount sufficient to manifest the at least one property.

13. A system for determining at least one property of crude petroleum flowing in a moving stream in a pipe system comprising:

an apparatus coupled to the pipe system and configured to apply incident light to the flowing petroleum in the pipe system to cause the petroleum to produce interacted light;

an optical calculation device for performing a regression calculation on the interacted light, the device being responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and the corresponding at least one property; and

a signal processing arrangement for determining the at least one property from the at least one output light signal.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the calculation device includes a multivariate optical element that comprises a plurality of optical refraction layers, the layers manifesting a multivariate calculation wherein the result of the calculation correlates with a property of the petroleum.

17. The system of claim 13, further including providing an indicator in the petroleum for indicating a parameter of the petroleum.

18. The system of claim 13, further including a housing containing the apparatus and calculation device, the housing including a bellows for compensating for pressure differentials in the housing and in the petroleum.

19. The system of claim 13, further including a turbulence generator in the pipe system upstream from the apparatus.

20. The system of claim 13 wherein the property includes at least one property selected from the group consisting essentially of asphaltene, saturates, resins, aromatics, solid particulate content, H₂O ion-composition and content, hydrocarbon composition and content, gas composition C1-C6 and content, CO₂, H₂S and correlated PVT properties including GOR, bubble point, density, an oil formation factor, viscosity, a gas component of a gas phase of the petroleum, total stream percentage of water, gas, oil, solid particles, solid types, oil finger printing, reservoir continuity, oil type, water elements, and wherein the water elements consist essentially of ion composition and content, anions, cations, salinity, organics, pH, mixing ratios, tracer components, and contamination.

21. The system of claim 13, further including at least one turbulence generator in the pipe system for mixing the petroleum upstream relative to the apparatus.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein the at least one turbulent generator comprises at least one of a plurality of vanes or an apertured member, secured to the pipe system for receiving the flowing petroleum.

23. The system of claim 13 wherein the optical calculation device is arranged for generating first and second signals representing respective transmitted and reflected light from the optical calculation device;

and wherein the signal processing arrangement is adapted to process the first and second signals to determine the at least one property.

24. The system of claim 13, further including a plurality of said optical calculation devices;

and wherein the the interacted light is applied to each said device, each device corresponding to a different property to be determined.

25. The system of claim 13 wherein the apparatus includes an internal reflectance element for repetitively reflecting the light from the petroleum with the internal reflectance element to provide multiple interactions with the petroleum for providing a total light penetration into the petroleum an amount sufficient to manifest the at least one property.

26. The system of claim 13, further including an internal calibration arrangement for correcting for drift in value of the calculation value, the processing arrangement for determining the at least one property according to that corrected drift value.

39. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the crude petroleum is flowing in a pipe, and wherein the signal processing arrangement is located at a location remote from each of the pipe, the optical calculation device and the apparatus for applying incident light.

45. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the pipe system is a down hole pipe located in a well.

46. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the pipe system is a portion of a pipeline.

15. A system for determining at least one property of crude petroleum flowing in a moving stream in a pipe system, comprising:

an apparatus coupled to the pipe system and configured to apply incident light to the flowing petroleum in the pipe system to cause the petroleum to produce interacted light, wherein the petroleum flowing in the pipe has an interface surface with the pipe, the apparatus comprising,

a light source for providing the incident light to the petroleum interface surface at one location of the pipe, and

an internal reflectance element coupled to the pipe at the one location for applying the incident light to the interface surface and then alternatively receiving light from, and reflecting light to the interface surface continuously from the applied incident light to generate the interacted light;

an optical calculation device for performing a regression calculation on the interacted light, the device being responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and the corresponding at least one property; and

a signal processing arrangement for determining the at least one property from the at least one output light signal.

16. The system of claim 15, further including a cleaning arrangement for cleaning the surface of the internal reflectance element at the interface surface.

27. An apparatus for determining a property of a component of crude petroleum flowing in a pipe, comprising:

a housing having a cavity and arranged to be attached to the pipe, the pipe having an internal region containing the flow of crude petroleum;

a light source in the housing;

an internal reflectance element (IRE) in the housing for transmitting light received from the source via an element input through the element into the attached pipe internal region for applying the light to the petroleum to interact the light with the petroleum and for sequentially receiving the light interacted light at a plurality of element locations, the sequentially received interacted light for being transmitted through an element output;

a multivariate optical filter element (MOE) in the housing for receiving the interacted light transmitted through the element output for performing a regression calculation on the received light and for producing at least one output signal manifesting the regression calculation; and

at least one detector in the housing responsive to the at least one output signal for generating a further output signal manifesting said property.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the internal reflectance element comprises a faceted structure having a first facet forming the input and a second facet forming the output and an interface surface facing the internal region of the pipe.

29. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the IRE is dimensioned to reflect light from and to the internal region of the pipe a plurality of times, the number of reflections sufficient to enable the system to manifest said property.

30. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the housing cavity contains a fluid transparent to light.

31. The apparatus of claim 27 further including an expansion bellows coupled to the housing for compensating for pressure differentials between the housing cavity and a region external the housing.

32. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the pipe comprises a window, and wherein the IRE is attached to the pipe at the window, the pipe for flowing crude petroleum past the window and further comprising:

a connection arrangement for coupling the housing to the window, and a turbulence generator in the pipe upstream from the window.

33. The apparatus of claim 27, further including:

a control mechanism;

at least one internal MOE standard in the housing for calibration of and compensating for drift of the MOE;

a first optical switch in the housing responsive to the control mechanism for selecting and coupling the light from the light source to the at least one internal MOE standard; and

a second optical switch responsive to the control for coupling the selected at least one internal MOE standard to the at least one detector.

34. The apparatus of claim 27 further including at least one optically indicator for increasing optical interaction coupled to the IRE for detecting a property of the crude petroleum.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 including a protective membrane for protecting the indicator.

36. The apparatus of claim 32 including a cleaning device for cleaning the window.

37. The apparatus of claim 27 including a plurality of said MOEs and a plurality of said detectors responsive to emissions and transmissions of interacted light from said petroleum.

47. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the pipe is a down hole pipe located in a well.

48. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the pipe is a portion of a pipeline.

40. A method for determining at least one property of a moving stream of hydrocarbon-containing fluid in a subsurface well, comprising the steps of:

providing a source of light in the subsurface well and directing the light to interact with the moving stream of hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the subsurface well, and causing the fluid to produce interacted light from the directed light;

performing a regression calculation on the interacted light with an optical calculation device responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and related to the at least one property; and

determining the at least one property from the at least one output light signal.

41. The method of claim 40, further comprising the step of causing the fluid to flow through a tool in the subsurface well, and wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid flows through a conduit through which the light interacts with the moving stream of fluid.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid comprises crude petroleum.

43. An apparatus system to determine a property of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid in a subsurface well, comprising:

a light emitting device configured to apply incident light to a hydrocarbon-containing fluid in a subsurface well to cause the fluid to produce interacted light;

an optical calculation device cooperatively arranged to receive at least a portion of the interacted light that performs a regression calculation on the interacted light, the device responsive to the interacted light incident thereon to produce at least one output light signal manifesting the calculation and related to corresponding property; and

a signal processor coupled to receive the at least one output light signal and configured to determine the at least one property from the received output light signal.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein both the apparatus and optical calculation device are located in situ in the subsurface well.