Combined electro-magnetic acoustic transducer

• US 7,697,375 B2
• Filed: 05/14/2007
• Issued: 04/13/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Original Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Inventors: Reiderman, Arcady, Barolak, Joseph G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hughes; Scott A
• Application Number:
  US11/748,165
• Publication Number:
  US 20070211572A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,065 Days
• Field of Search: 367/31, 367/32, 367/35, 367/168, 736/42, 736/43
• US Class Current: 367/168
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 1/04 operating with electromagnetism dynamo-electric motors with vibrating magnet, armature or coil system H02K33/00
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/005 Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/16 through the drill string or casing , e.g. by torsional acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/011 Velocity or travel time
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/015 Attenuation, scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0422 Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0427 Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/044 Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/2636 cylindrical from inside
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/2412 using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]; investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents G01N27/90, magnetostrictive transducers B06B1/08, measuring magnetostrictive properties G01R33/18
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/44 using generators and receivers in the same well G01V1/52 takes precedence

Abstract

A combined electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is disclosed adapted to generate both SH-type acoustic waves and LAMB-type acoustic waves in a conductive casing, surroundings of which are to be analyzed. The transducer comprises one magnet assembly and two RF coils implemented as multi-layer printed circuit board. Each coil is used to generate or receive acoustic signals of one wave type. Compared to using two single-wave-type transducers the combined EMAT significantly reduces total attraction force to the casing and, correspondingly, simplifies mechanics of the measurement tool. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus configured for use with an electrically conducting material, the tool comprising:

(a) a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets with alternating polarization in a direction substantially orthogonal to a first direction of a body of the electrically conducting material;

(b) a first conductor configured to carry a first current in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction and generate a shear wave in the body upon passage of the first current;

(c) a second conductor configured to carry a second current in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction and substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the plurality of magnets and generate a Lamb wave upon passage of the second current;

(d) a receiving transducer configured to produce signals responsive to the generated shear wave and the generated Lamb wave; and

(e) a processor configured to;

(I) use the produced signals to estimate a property of the received shear wave and the received Lamb wave, and

(II) record the estimated property on a suitable medium.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrically conducting material comprises a tubular conveyed in a borehole and the first direction comprises an axis of the tubular.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets in the magnet assembly are arranged so that the alternating polarizations form a checkerboard pattern.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first conductor is further configured to provide rows of the first current alternately carried in opposing directions along the magnet assembly.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second conductor comprises at least one cross-over portion configured to maintain the generated Lamb wave in two adjacent regions of opposing magnet polarization.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the cross-over portion is configured to switch positions of a pair of wires which are placed one of i) side by side and equally separated from the magnet assembly, and, ii) on opposing sides of a non-conductive soft magnetic material and differently separated from the magnet assembly.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first and second conductors are configured to be implemented as a multi-layer printed circuit board.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the property is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) velocity, and (ii) attenuation.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving transducer further comprises:

(a) a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets with alternating polarization in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction;

(b) a first conductor configured to generate a first current in response to a received shear wave; and

(c) a second conductor configured to generate a second current in response to a received Lamb wave.

10. A method of generating acoustic waves in an electrically conducting material, the method comprising:

(a) providing a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets with alternating polarization in a direction substantially orthogonal to a first direction of a body of the electrically conducting material;

(b) conveying a first current in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction to generate a shear wave in the electrically conducting material;

(c) conveying a second current in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction and substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the plurality of magnets to generate a Lamb wave;

(d) producing signals responsive to the generated shear wave and the generated Lamb wave at a receiving transducer;

(e) estimating a property of the received shear wave and the received Lamb wave from the produced signals, and

(f) recording the estimate property on a suitable medium.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the electrically conducting material comprises a tubular conveyed in a borehole and wherein the first direction comprises an axis of the tubular.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein providing the magnet assembly further comprises arranging the plurality of magnets so that the alternating polarizations form a checkerboard pattern.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein conveying the first current further comprises conveying the current in opposite directions.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein conveying the second current further comprises using a conductor having a cross-over portion.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-over portion maintains the generated Lamb wave in two adjacent regions of opposing magnet polarization.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-over portion switches the positions of a pair of wires which are placed one of i) side-by-side and equally separated from the magnet assembly, and, ii) on opposing sides of a non-conductive soft magnetic material and differently separated from the magnet assembly.

17. The method of claim 10 wherein the property is one of:

velocity and attenuation.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein producing signals responsive to the shear wave and the Lamb wave further comprises:

(a) providing a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets with alternating polarization in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction;

(b) generating a first current in a first conductor in response to the received shear wave; and

(c) generating a second current in a second conductor in response to the received Lamb wave.

19. A computer-readable medium for use with a tool for evaluating an electrically conducting material, the tool comprising:

(a) a magnet assembly including a plurality of magnets with alternating polarization in a direction substantially orthogonal to a first direction of a body of the electrically conducting material;

(b) a first conductor configured to carry a first current in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction and generate a shear wave in the body upon passage of the first current;

(c) a second conductor configured to carry a second current in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction and substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the plurality of magnets and generate a Lamb wave upon passage of the second current; and

(d) a receiving transducer configured to produce signals responsive to the generated shear wave and the generated Lamb wave;

the medium comprising instructions which enable a processor to;

(e) estimate a velocity of the generated shear wave and the generated Lamb wave from the produced signals; and

(f) record the estimated velocities on a suitable medium.

20. The medium of claim 19 further comprising at least one of (i) a ROM, (ii) and EPROM, (iii) an EEPROM, (iv) a flash memory, and (v) an optical disk.