Load balancing network traffic using race methods

• US 7,698,458 B1
• Filed: 06/01/2005
• Issued: 04/13/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Liu, Zaide, Swildens, Eric Sven-Johan, Day, Richard David
• Primary Examiner(s): Won; Michael
• Application Number:
  US11/143,873
• Time in Patent Office: 1,777 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709/238, 709/239, 709/240, 709/241, 709/244, 370/237, 370/351, 370/392, 370/395.32
• US Class Current: 709/238
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2463/101 applying security measures for digital rights management data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for commerce, e.g. marketing, shopping, billing, auctions or e-commerce G06Q30/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/102 Entity profiles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/12 Applying verification of the received information cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for data integrity or data verification H04L9/32

Abstract

Techniques are provided for using the mobility support features of IPv6 to allow client and server nodes to communicate without the continuing intervention of a load-balancing node that selected the server node. A load-balancing node intercepts a TCP SYN packet addressed to a virtual IP address. The load-balancing node selects a server node from among multiple server nodes, and sends the packet toward the server node. The server node sends an IPv6 packet toward the client node. The packet contains a Binding Update option that specifies the virtual IP address as a Home Address. This information causes the client node to replace destination addresses in outgoing IP packets so that packets that the client node would have sent toward the virtual IP address are sent toward the selected server node'"'"'s IP address instead. Consequently, the IP packets are routed toward the selected server node instead of the load-balancing node.

Claims

1. A machine-implemented method for enabling communication between nodes, the method comprising:

receiving, at a first node that is associated with a first Internet Protocol (IP) address, a first IP packet that;

(a) contains a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) SYN packet, and

(b) indicates, as a destination IP address, a second IP address that differs from the first IP address;

sending copies of the first IP packet toward two or more other nodes, each of which is associated with a separate IP address that differs from the second IP address; and

a processor generating a network map based on distances between a second node, which is associated with a third IP address that the first IP packet indicates as a source IP address, and at least one node of the two or more nodes;

wherein generating the network map comprises generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selecting the two or more other nodes from a plurality of other nodes based on whether the two or more other nodes are able to service a request that is indicated in the IP packet.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the copies of the first IP packet toward the two or more other nodes comprises:

for each particular node of the two or more other nodes, performing steps comprising;

encapsulating the first IP packet within a separate IP packet that indicates, as a destination address, a particular IP address that is associated with the particular node; and

sending the separate IP packet toward a node that is associated with the particular IP address.

4. An apparatus for enabling communication between nodes, the apparatus comprising:

a receiver that receives, at a first node that is associated with a first Internet Protocol (IP) address, a first IP packet that;

(a) contains a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) SYN packet, and

(b) indicates, as a destination IP address, a second IP address that differs from the first IP address;

a sender that sends copies of the first IP packet toward two or more other nodes, each of which is associated with a separate IP address that differs from the second IP address; and

a processor that generates a network map based on distances between a second node, which is associated with a third IP address that the first IP packet indicates as a source IP address, and each node of the two or more nodes;

wherein the processor generates the network map by generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:

a selector that selects the two or more other nodes from a plurality of other nodes based on whether the two or more other nodes are able to service a request that is indicated in the IP packet.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the sender that sends the copies of the first IP packet toward the two or more other nodes comprises:

a performing mechanism that performs, for each particular node of the two or more other nodes, steps comprising;

encapsulating the first IP packet within a separate IP packet that indicates, as a destination address, a particular IP address that is associated with the particular node; and

sending the separate IP packet toward a node that is associated with the particular IP address.

7. A volatile or non-volatile machine-readable storage medium on which is encoded one or more sequences of machine-readable code instructions for enabling communication between nodes, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:

receiving, at a first node that is associated with a first Internet Protocol (IP) address, a first IP packet that;

(a) contains a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) SYN packet, and

(b) indicates, as a destination IP address, a second IP address that differs from the first IP address;

sending copies of the first IP packet toward two or more other nodes, each of which is associated with a separate IP address that differs from the second IP address; and

generating a network map based on distances between a second node, which is associated with a third IP address that the first IP packet indicates as a source IP address, and at least one node of the two or more nodes;

wherein generating the network map comprises generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

8. The machine-readable medium of claim 7, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by the one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the step of:

selecting the two or more other nodes from a plurality of other nodes based on whether the two or more other nodes are able to service a request that is indicated in the IP packet.

9. The machine-readable medium of claim 7, wherein sending the copies of the first IP packet toward the two or more other nodes comprises:

for each particular node of the two or more other nodes, performing steps comprising;

encapsulating the first IP packet within a separate IP packet that indicates, as a destination address, a particular IP address that is associated with the particular node; and

sending the separate IP packet toward a node that is associated with the particular IP address.

10. A machine-implemented method for enabling communication between nodes, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a particular data packet at a load-balancing node;

selecting two or more server nodes;

sending, from the load-balancing node, a copy of the particular data packet toward each server node of the two or more server nodes;

wherein, in response to receiving a copy of the particular data packet, each server node of the two or more server nodes sends a responsive data packet toward a client node whose address matches a source address indicated by the particular data packet;

wherein the client node responds to only a first-received responsive data packet sent from a server node of the two or more server nodes; and

generating a network map based on a distance between the client node and a server node that sent the first-received responsive data packet;

wherein generating the network map comprises generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the load-balancing node receives client connection information from each server node to generate the network map.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein each server node records successful connections with clients.

13. An apparatus for enabling communication between nodes, the apparatus comprising:

a receiver that receives a particular data packet at a load-balancing node;

a selector that selects two or more server nodes;

a sender that sends, from the load-balancing node, a copy of the particular data packet toward each server node of the two or more server nodes;

wherein, in response to receiving a copy of the particular data packet, each server node of the two or more server nodes sends a responsive data packet toward a client node whose address matches a source address indicated by the particular data packet;

wherein the client node responds to only a first-received responsive data packet sent from a server node of the two or more server nodes; and

a generator that generates a network map based on a distance between the client node and a server node that sent the first-received responsive data packet;

wherein generating the network map comprises generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the load-balancing node receives client connection information from each server node to generate the network map.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each server node records successful connections with clients.

16. A volatile or non-volatile machine-readable storage medium on which is encoded one or more sequences of machine-readable code for enabling communication between nodes, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:

receiving a particular data packet at a load-balancing node;

selecting two or more server nodes;

sending, from the load-balancing node, a copy of the particular data packet toward each server node of the two or more server nodes;

wherein, in response to receiving a copy of the particular data packet, each server node of the two or more server nodes sends a responsive data packet toward a client node whose address matches a source address indicated by the particular data packet;

wherein the client node responds to only a first-received responsive data packet sent from a server node of the two or more server nodes; and

generating a network map based on a distance between the client node and a server node that sent the first-received responsive data packet;

wherein generating the network map comprises generating a map of clients and servers that are considered to be closest to the clients.

17. The machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the load-balancing node receives client connection information from each server node to generate the network map.

18. The machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein each server node records successful connections with clients.