Method and apparatus for wireless communication in a mesh network

• US 7,701,858 B2
• Filed: 04/30/2004
• Issued: 04/20/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International SARL (Honeywell International Inc.), Yokogawa USA, Inc. (Yokogawa Electric Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sensicast Systems
• Inventors: Weiss, Howard P., Werb, Jay Philip, Berry, Victor A., Lamb, C. Scott
• Primary Examiner(s): Appiah; Charles N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vu; Michael T
• Application Number:
  US10/836,103
• Publication Number:
  US 20070258508A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,181 Days
• Field of Search: 370/140, 370/349, 370/244, 370/338, 370/389, 370/400, 370/241, 702/40, 375/140, 455/426.1, 455/448
• US Class Current: 370/241
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/805 Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0037 Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0825 using asymmetric-key encryption or public key infrastructure [PKI], e.g. key signature or public key certificates
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/083 involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/16 the keys or algorithms being changed during operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/069 using certificates or pre-shared keys
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/02 Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/16 Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0216 using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0219 where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/005 Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A method and apparatus for communication in a wireless sensor network. In one embodiment, one or more routers in a network may be available for communication with one or more star nodes at a randomized time and/or frequency. A connectivity assessment, which may be performed at several different frequencies and/or times, may be performed to evaluate the quality of communications between devices in the network. Primary and secondary communication relationships may be formed between devices to provide for system redundancy. One or more proxies may be maintained where each proxy includes a status of one or more devices in the network, e.g., one or more star nodes or routers. Proxies may be used to handle information requests and/or status change requests, e.g., a proxy may be requested to change a communication relationship between devices in the network and may generate command signals to cause the corresponding devices to make the change.

Claims

1. A wireless network device comprising:

a node constructed and arranged to transmit and receive wireless signals in a wireless network, the node including a direct sequence spread spectrum radio that is adapted to transmit and receive wireless signals on a plurality of different frequency channels, and wherein the node uses multiple different frequency channels in a sequence for communication with at least first and second devices in the wireless network,

wherein the node is configured to perform a connectivity assessment for at least the first and second devices in the wireless network that indicates a measure of quality of wireless communication between the node and the first and second devices in the wireless network, the connectivity assessment being performed for each respective one of the first and second devices at multiple, different frequencies, the connectivity assessment being used to determine a first communication relationship between the node and the first device in the wireless network, and a second communication relationship between the node and the second device in the wireless network, the first and second communication relationships being established for future communication between the node and the first and second devices on multiple frequency channels, respectively, such that if a communication with the first device at a first frequency is not acknowledged, the node retries the communication using a strategy that includes resending the communication to the second device at a second frequency.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the direct sequence spread spectrum radio is compliant with the physical layer (PHY) of IEEE 802.15.4.

3. A wireless network comprising:

at least one node being arranged according to claim 1, each node being constructed and arranged to transmit and receive wireless signals; and

at least one router or gateway, each router or gateway being constructed and arranged to transmit and receive wireless signals for communication with at least one node;

wherein at least one router or gateway is available for communication with at least one node during periods that are defined based on a schedule.

4. The network of claim 3, comprising a plurality of routers and/or gateways, and wherein each of the plurality of routers and/or gateways is available for communication based on a corresponding schedule, and a schedule for each of the plurality of routers and/or gateways is different from a schedule for other routers and/or gateways.

5. The network of claim 3, comprising a plurality of routers and/or gateways, and wherein each of the plurality of routers and/or gateways is available for communication based on a corresponding schedule, and a schedule for at least two routers and/or gateways is the same.

6. The network of claim 3, wherein at least one node has a sleep cycle that is controlled such that the at least one node wakes up for communication with a router or gateway at a time that approximately coincides with a period when the router or gateway is available for communication.

7. The network of claim 3, wherein at least one router or gateway goes into a low-power sleep mode between multiple periods during which the router or gateway is available for communication with at least one node.

8. The network of claim 3, wherein at least one node resynchronizes its clock with that of a router or gateway by sending a communication to the router or gateway, which sends an acknowledgment of the communication to the node, the acknowledgement including time synchronization information.

9. The wireless network of claim 3, wherein the node communicates with a router or gateway using a plurality of different frequencies, and the router or gateway is available for communication with the node based on a pseudorandom frequency schedule and/or pseudorandom timing schedule.

10. The network of claim 9, wherein the router or gateway is available for communication based on a randomized timing schedule that is determined using a fixed time interval plus or minus a pseudorandom dither.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second communication relationships are changed based on a command signal.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the connectivity assessment involves communication link quality metrics.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the communication link quality metrics include received signal strength and/or correlation quality.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein the connectivity assessment involves use of thresholds for relating communication link quality metrics with reduced connectivity experience.

15. The device of claim 1, wherein the connectivity assessment involves metrics of scheduled communication packets that are received and/or acknowledged.

16. A wireless network including a node according to claim 1, further comprising:

a network control device constructed and arranged to use a connectivity assessment, indicating a measure of a quality of wireless communication between the node and at least one other device in the network, to determine a communication relationship between the node and the at least one other device.

17. The network of claim 16, wherein the first and/or second communication relationship is changed based on a command signal.

18. The network of claim 17, wherein the command signal is sent by the network control device.

19. A wireless network including a node according to claim 1, further comprising:

a device that communicates with the node via the wireless network, the device including a set of software proxies that include status information consistent with a current status of the node.

20. The network of claim 19, wherein a data request regarding the node is directed to a corresponding software proxy, and a response to the data request is provided based on data associated with the corresponding software proxy.

21. The network of claim 19, wherein the node is associated with at least one corresponding sensor device and is constructed and arranged to transmit a wireless signal via the wireless network to a software proxy including information received from the corresponding sensor device.

22. The device of claim 1, wherein the node uses one or more frequencies at which the node successfully communicated with the first and/or second device in the past.

23. A wireless network including a node according to claim 1, further comprising:

a device that provides firmware code that is sent to the node via the wireless network.

24. The device of claim 1, wherein the node includes a direct sequence spread spectrum radio that operates at about 2 megachips.