Modular high voltage power supply for chemical analysis

• US 7,710,086 B1
• Filed: 05/28/2008
• Issued: 05/04/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia LLC (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Sandia Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Yee, Daniel D., Stamps, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Han; Jessica
• Application Number:
  US12/128,342
• Time in Patent Office: 706 Days
• Field of Search: 323/266, 323/272, 323/275, 323/276, 323/277, 323/280, 323/283, 323/284, 323/285, 323291-298, 323/902
• US Class Current: 323/266
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1584 with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 323/902 Optical coupling to semiconductor

Abstract

A high voltage power supply for use in a system such as a microfluidics system, uses a DC-DC converter in parallel with a voltage-controlled resistor. A feedback circuit provides a control signal for the DC-DC converter and voltage-controlled resistor so as to regulate the output voltage of the high voltage power supply, as well as, to sink or source current from the high voltage supply.

Claims

1. A high voltage power supply comprising:

DC-DC converter having a low voltage input to which an input current is applied and a high voltage output at which an output current and an output voltage are developed;

a first voltage controlled resistor comprising an MOS photo relay having a photo diode to which said input voltage is applied and a pair of series connected MOS switches defining said first voltage controlled resistor, said photo diode emitting light in response to said input voltage wherein variation in said input voltage causes a corresponding variation in said light, said switches being operative to develop a current in said switches proportionally in response to said light such that said current in said switches determines a resistance of said first voltage controlled resistor, said first voltage controlled resistor being electrically coupled to said high voltage output in parallel with said DC-DC converter and having a control input wherein a resistance of said first voltage controlled resistor is determined by an input voltage applied to said control input of said first voltage controlled resistor;

a feedback circuit operatively connected between said high voltage output of said DC-DC converter and said control input of said first voltage controlled resistor, said feedback circuit being responsive to each of a reference voltage and a feedback signal proportional to said output voltage and operative to develop said input voltage which varies as a function of variation in said feedback signal, said first voltage controlled resistor in response to variation of said input voltage being operative to vary said resistance such that variation of said resistance is in opposition to a variation of said output voltage to maintain said output voltage substantially constant;

a second voltage controlled resistor electrically coupled to said high voltage output of said DC-DC converter wherein said second voltage controlled resistor is electrically connected in series between said high voltage output and a load, said second voltage controlled resistor having a control input wherein a resistance of said second voltage controlled resistor is determined by a float control voltage applied to said control input of said second voltage controlled resistor; and

a float control circuit operative to develop said float control voltage in response to said reference voltage and a bias voltage.

2. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 1 wherein said second voltage controlled resistor is an MOS photo relay having a photo diode to which said float control voltage is applied and a pair of series connected MOS switches defining said second resistor, said photo diode of said second voltage controlled resistor emitting light in response to said float control voltage wherein variation in said float control voltage causes a corresponding variation in said light, said switches of said second voltage controlled resistor being operative to develop a current in said switches of said second voltage controlled resistor proportionally in response to said light such that said current in said switches of said second voltage controlled resistor determines said resistance of said second voltage controlled resistor.

3. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 2 wherein said photodiode of said second voltage controlled resistor has a normally biased anode and an cathode to which said float control voltage is applied.

4. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 1 wherein said float control voltage is developed such that said resistance of said second voltage controlled resistor is one of substantially zero resistance to enable electrical connection of said high voltage output to said load and substantially infinite resistance to allow said high voltage output to float.

5. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 4 wherein said float control voltage is initially developed during power up initialization of said high voltage power supply to maintain substantially infinite resistance of said second voltage controlled.

6. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 4 wherein said float control voltage is normally developed during operation of said high voltage power supply to maintain substantially zero resistance of said second voltage controlled resistor.

7. A high voltage power supply as set forth in claim 4 wherein said float control circuit includes:

an error amplifier biased to said bias reference voltage said error amplifier having a positive input to which a reference voltage is applied a negative input and an output;

a voltage divider to which said bias voltage is applied said voltage divider being electrically coupled to said negative input such that a portion of said bias voltage is applied to said negative input;

a voltage regulator having a voltage input to which said bias voltage is applied, a control input electrically coupled to said output of said error amplifier and an output at which said float control voltage is developed wherein a voltage developed at said output of said error amplifier upon said reference voltage exceeding said portion of said bias voltage is applied to said control input of said voltage regulator such that said voltage regulator is turned on in response to said voltage developed at said output of said error amplifier.