Parallel concatenated code with soft-in soft-out interactive turbo decoder

• US 7,715,503 B2
• Filed: 08/03/2009
• Issued: 05/11/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Jones, Christopher R., Cameron, Kelly B., Shen, Ba-Zhong, Tran, Hau Thien
• Primary Examiner(s): Wang; Ted M
• Application Number:
  US12/534,604
• Publication Number:
  US 20090285320A1
• Time in Patent Office: 281 Days
• Field of Search: 375/265, 375/340, 375/262, 375/341, 714/701, 714/746, 714/755
• US Class Current: 375/340
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/151 using error location or error correction polynomials
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/1515 Reed-Solomon codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/25 Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] modulation codes H03M13/31
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/258 with turbo codes, e.g. Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation [TTCM]
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/27 using interleaving techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2757 Interleaver with an interleaving rule not provided for in the subgroups H03M13/2703 - H03M13/2753
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/29 combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2966 Turbo codes concatenated with another code, e.g. an outer block code
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2978 Particular arrangement of the component decoders
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3905 Maximum a posteriori probability [MAP] decoding or approximations thereof based on trellis or lattice decoding, e.g. forward-backward algorithm, log-MAP decoding, max-log-MAP decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3922 Add-Compare-Select [ACS] operation in forward or backward recursions
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3927 Log-Likelihood Ratio [LLR] computation by combination of forward and backward metrics into LLRs
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3972 using sliding window techniques or parallel windows
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/3988 for rate k/n convolutional codes, with k>1, obtained by convolutional encoders with k inputs and n outputs
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/4107 implementing add, compare, select [ACS] operations
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/6505 Memory efficient implementations
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/6561 Parallelized implementations
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0041 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/005 Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/006 Trellis-coded modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0065 : Serial concatenated codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0066 : Parallel concatenated codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0068 : by puncturing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0071 : Use of interleaving interleaving per se H03M13/27

Abstract

A method for parallel concatenated (Turbo) encoding and decoding. Turbo encoders receive a sequence of input data tuples and encode them. The input sequence may correspond to a sequence of an original data source, or to an already coded data sequence such as provided by a Reed-Solomon encoder. A turbo encoder generally comprises two or more encoders separated by one or more interleavers. The input data tuples may be interleaved using a modulo scheme in which the interleaving is according to some method (such as block or random interleaving) with the added stipulation that the input tuples may be interleaved only to interleaved positions having the same modulo-N (where N is an integer) as they have in the input data sequence. If all the input tuples are encoded by all encoders then output tuples can be chosen sequentially from the encoders and no tuples will be missed. If the input tuples comprise multiple bits, the bits may be interleaved independently to interleaved positions having the same modulo-N and the same bit position. This may improve the robustness of the code. A first encoder may have no interleaver or all encoders may have interleavers, whether the input tuple bits are interleaved independently or not. Modulo type interleaving also allows decoding in parallel.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an input that is operative to receive a signal from a communication channel;

a metric calculator that is operative to;

process a first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a first plurality of metrics based on a first constellation corresponding to the first symbol; and

process a second symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a second plurality of metrics based on a second constellation corresponding to the second symbol;

at least one soft-in soft-out (SISO) module, coupled to the metric calculator, that is operative to;

calculate first extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the first plurality of metrics; and

calculate second extrinsic information corresponding to the second symbol using the second plurality of metrics;

an output processor that is operative to;

make a first estimate of the first symbol using the first extrinsic information; and

make a second estimate of the second symbol using the second extrinsic information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one SISO module comprising:

a first SISO module that is operative to receive the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics;

a second SISO module that is operative to receive the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics; and

wherein;

the first SISO module and the second module operate cooperatively to;

calculate the first extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the first plurality of metrics; and

calculate the second extrinsic information corresponding to the second symbol using the second plurality of metrics.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

each of the first constellation and the second constellation has a same number of constellation points therein;

first constellation points within the first constellation are mapped according to a first mapping; and

second constellation points within the second constellation are mapped according to a second mapping.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first constellation includes a first number of constellation points therein; and

the second constellation includes a second number of constellation points therein.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first symbol includes a first uncoded bit; and

the second symbol includes a second uncoded bit.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first symbol includes an uncoded bit therein; and

the second symbol includes an interleaved version of the uncoded bit.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first symbol includes at least one uncoded bit; and

the second symbol only includes coded bits.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the first constellation includes a plurality of constellation points;

the metric calculator is operative to process the first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating the first plurality of metrics based on all of the plurality of constellation points; and

the metric calculator is operative to process a third symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a third plurality of metrics based on fewer than all of the plurality of constellation points.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a symbol sequencer that is operative to provide information corresponding to the first constellation and the second constellation to the metric calculator.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the apparatus is a communication device that is coupled to a television.

11. An apparatus, comprising:

an input that is operative to receive a signal from a communication channel;

a metric calculator that is operative to;

process a first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a first plurality of metrics based on a first constellation corresponding to the first symbol; and

process a second symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a second plurality of metrics based on a second constellation corresponding to the second symbol;

a first soft-in soft-out (SISO) module, coupled to the metric calculator, that is operative to calculate first extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the first plurality of metrics;

an interleaver, coupled to the first SISO, that is operative to interleave the first extrinsic information thereby generating interleaved, first extrinsic information;

a second SISO module, coupled to the interleaver, that is operative to calculate second extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the interleaved, first extrinsic information;

a deinterleaver, coupled to the second SISO, that is operative to deinterleave the second extrinsic information thereby generating deinterleaved, second extrinsic information;

wherein the first SISO module that is operative to calculate third extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the deinterleaved, second extrinsic information;

wherein the interleaver is operative to interleave the third extrinsic information thereby generating interleaved, third extrinsic information;

wherein the interleaver is operative to interleave fourth extrinsic information corresponding to the second symbol thereby generating interleaved, fourth extrinsic information;

a symbol sequencer that is operative to provide information corresponding to the first constellation and the second constellation to the metric calculator;

an output processor, coupled to the SISO module, that is operative to;

make a first estimate of the first symbol using the interleaved, third extrinsic information; and

make a second estimate of the second symbol using the interleaved, fourth extrinsic information.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

each of the first constellation and the second constellation has a same number of constellation points therein;

first constellation points within the first constellation are mapped according to a first mapping; and

second constellation points within the second constellation are mapped according to a second mapping.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the first constellation includes a first number of constellation points therein; and

the second constellation includes a second number of constellation points therein.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the first constellation includes a plurality of constellation points;

the metric calculator is operative to process the first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating the first plurality of metrics based on all of the plurality of constellation points; and

the metric calculator is operative to process a third symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a third plurality of metrics based on fewer than all of the plurality of constellation points.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:

the apparatus is a communication device that is coupled to a television.

16. A method, comprising:

receiving a signal from a communication channel;

employing a metric calculator to;

process a first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a first plurality of metrics based on a first constellation corresponding to the first symbol; and

process a second symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a second plurality of metrics based on a second constellation corresponding to the second symbol;

employing at least one soft-in soft-out (SISO) module to;

calculate first extrinsic information corresponding to the first symbol using the first plurality of metrics; and

calculate second extrinsic information corresponding to the second symbol using the second plurality of metrics;

making a first estimate of the first symbol using the first extrinsic information; and

making a second estimate of the second symbol using the second extrinsic information.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein:

each of the first constellation and the second constellation has a same number of constellation points therein;

first constellation points within the first constellation are mapped according to a first mapping; and

second constellation points within the second constellation are mapped according to a second mapping.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein:

the first constellation includes a first number of constellation points therein; and

the second constellation includes a second number of constellation points therein.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein:

the first constellation includes a plurality of constellation points;

employing the metric calculator to process the first symbol derived from the signal thereby generating the first plurality of metrics based on all of the plurality of constellation points; and

employing the metric calculator to process a third symbol derived from the signal thereby generating a third plurality of metrics based on fewer than all of the plurality of constellation points.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein:

the method is performed within a communication device that is coupled to a television.