Method of evaluating the interaction between a wavefield and a solid body

• US 7,715,985 B2
• Filed: 03/23/2007
• Issued: 05/11/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/28/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: WesternGeco LLC (Schlumberger NV)
• Original Assignee: WesternGeco LLC (Schlumberger NV)
• Inventors: Curtis, Andrew, Robertsson, Johan, Van Manen, Dirk-Jan
• Primary Examiner(s): Nghiem; Michael P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le; Toan M
• Application Number:
  US11/690,492
• Publication Number:
  US 20070233437A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,145 Days
• Field of Search: 702/14, 702 1- 2, 702 16- 17, 702/5, 702/8, 702 11- 13, 702/81, 702189-191, 367 72- 73, 367/14, 367/15, 367/21, 367/37, 367/38, 367/40, 367/43, 367/45, 367/56, 367/58, 703 1- 2, 703/5
• US Class Current: 702/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/28 Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection G01V1/48 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 2210/57 Trace interpolation or extrapolation, e.g. for virtual receiver; Anti-aliasing for missing receivers

Abstract

Described is a finite-difference methodology for efficiently computing the response from a model subject to changes within sub-volumes with the sub-volume enclosed with an extrapolation surface within an injection boundary using Green'"'"'s functions to update the injection boundary and transmitting an updated wavefield from the injection boundary back into the altered sub-volume to include higher order reflections from outside of the altered sub-space.

Claims

1. An apparatus for evaluating an interaction between a wavefield and a body, comprising:

(a) means for providing an injection boundary enclosing a subspace of a model having one or more physical and/or geometrical properties representing a body;

(b) means for providing an extrapolation surface enclosing a portion of the subspace;

(c) means for generating at and/or near the injection boundary waveforms representing an initial interaction between an initial wavefield and the body;

(d) means for changing the physical and/or geometrical properties in the portion of the subspace enclosed by the extrapolation surface;

(e) means for applying the waveforms to the subspace as a boundary condition, thereby radiating/emitting the waveforms into the subspace;

(f) means for propagating the radiated/emitted waveforms throughout the subspace;

(g) means for using Green'"'"'s functions to extrapolate the propagated waveforms recorded/observed along the extrapolation surface to the injection boundary, thereby implementing one or more interactions between the waveforms propagated throughout the subspace and the model; and

(h) means for updating the boundary condition.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body is a solid body.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body supports acoustic wave propagation.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body supports elastic wave propagation.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body supports electromagnetic wave propagation.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for changing the physical and/or geometrical properties comprises means for changing the density or compressibility or both.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for changing the physical and/or geometrical properties comprises means for changing the oil/water contact.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for updating the boundary condition comprises means for adding the extrapolated waveforms to the waveforms.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for (e)-(h) are to determine one or more effects of changes of the physical and/or geometrical properties in the portion of the subspace on the initial wavefield.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for propagating the radiated/emitted waveforms throughout the subspace comprises means for advancing a finite-difference computation on the subspace by a single time-step.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for updating the boundary condition comprises means for absorbing waveforms that are propagating outward at the edge of the subspace and means for radiating waveforms that are propagating inward at the edge of the subspace, upon application of the waveforms to the subspace when step (e) is repeated.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Green'"'"'s functions used to extrapolate the propagated waveforms to the injection boundary are Green'"'"'s functions for an inhomogeneous medium.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Green'"'"'s functions used to extrapolate the propagated waveforms to the injection boundary are Green'"'"'s functions calculated for the full model having inhomogeneities.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the boundary condition is updated to include waveforms emitted from a location on the extrapolation surface at past and future times.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the injection boundary has a greater distance from the boundary of the model than from the extrapolation surface.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for computing Green'"'"'s functions between the location of a simulated source and points at and/or near the injection boundary.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for computing Green'"'"'s functions between points on the extrapolation surface and the location of a simulated receiver.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is used iteratively to adapt a response of the model to a measured response.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is used iteratively to adapt a response of an Earth model to a measured response of a seismic wavefield.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the extrapolated waveforms is an exact representation of the wavefield.