Vehicle propulsion system with selectable energy sources and method of use

• US 7,717,202 B2
• Filed: 08/22/2007
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Bell, Douglas Bradley, Jennings, Mark John, Brigham, David Richens
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAN, HAU VAN
• Application Number:
  US11/843,107
• Publication Number:
  US 20090050383A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,000 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.31, 180/65.24, 180/65.25, 180/65.265, 180/65.23, 180/65.26, 180/65.285, 180/65.28
• US Class Current: 180/65.265
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 15/00 Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks tanks in general B65D, F17C; supplying combustion engines with combustible mixtures or constituents F02M
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/32 characterised by the fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/51 Photovoltaic means
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/54 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/04 including control of propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/28 including control of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/10 Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/15 Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/209 Fuel quantity remaining in tank
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0644 the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0665 Tanks, e.g. multiple tanks
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0671 Means to generate or modify a fuel, e.g. reformers, electrolytic cells or membranes
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/0697 : Arrangement of fuel supply systems on engines or vehicle bodies; Components of the fuel supply system being combined with another device
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 19/082 : Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/30 : Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A propulsion system includes a first torque producing arrangement including an electric machine configured to a first energy source supplying electrical energy to the electric machine. The system also includes a second torque producing arrangement having an engine connected to a second energy source configured to supply gaseous fuel to the engine. The system has a hydrogen production system having an electrolyzer, a water source, a hydrogen dispensing and loading system, and a connection to an electricity grid. Hydrogen is loaded to the second energy source when the electrolyzer is electrolyzing the water. The engine further connects to a third energy source configured to supply a non-hydrogen fuel to the engine. The system has a controller electrically connected to the motor and the engine capable of selecting the propulsion component and the fuel source.

Claims

1. A propulsion system for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels, the propulsion system comprising:

a first torque producing arrangement including an electric machine operable to provide torque to at least one of the vehicle wheels;

a second torque producing arrangement including an engine operable to provide torque to at least one of the vehicle wheels;

a first energy source configured to supply electrical energy to the electric machine;

a second energy source configured to supply gaseous fuel to the engine;

a hydrogen production system connected to the second energy source and having a connection point for receiving electrical energy from an electricity grid external to the vehicle, the production system including an electrolyzer, a water source, and a hydrogen dispensing and loading system, the hydrogen dispensing and loading system being configured to provide hydrogen to the second energy source from the electrolyzer when the electrolyzer produces hydrogen from water received from the water source;

a third energy source configured to supply a non-hydrogen fuel to the engine; and

a control system operatively connecting to the first and second torque producing arrangements and including at least one controller, the control system being configured to select at least one of the torque producing arrangements to drive the vehicle and at least one of the fuels to be supplied to the engine when the second torque producing arrangement is chosen.

2. The propulsion system of claim 1 wherein the control system further includes a first algorithm to minimize the use of the internal combustion engine with the non-hydrogen fuel.

3. The propulsion system of claim 1, wherein the control system processes a first signal indicating a quantity of gaseous fuel available from the second energy source.

4. The propulsion system of claim 3, wherein the control system processes a second signal indicating a quantity of energy available from the first energy source or a quantity of non-hydrogen fuel available from the third energy source.

5. The propulsion system of claim 4, wherein the control system receives a first input indicating a price of the non-hydrogen fuel and a second input indicating a price of an energy source selected from the group including electricity from the electricity grid and a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, the control system further including an algorithm capable of selecting the least expensive torque-producing arrangement for which energy is available from at least one of the energy sources.

6. The propulsion system of claim 4, wherein the control system includes an algorithm capable of selecting a combination of the torque producing arrangement and the energy source used in order to minimize a carbon tax incurred during vehicle operation by selecting the combination for which the energy source is available that incurs the least carbon tax.

7. The propulsion system of claim 4, wherein the control system includes an algorithm capable of selecting a combination of the torque producing arrangement and the energy source to minimize a carbon footprint of the vehicle during vehicle operation.

8. The propulsion system of claim 7, wherein the algorithm selects the combination of the torque producing arrangement and the energy source to minimize the carbon footprint by selecting between the combinations of electricity for the electric motor only, only a gaseous fuel for the engine, a blended fuel of gaseous fuel and the non-hydrogen fuel for the engine, or only the non-hydrogen fuel for the engine.

9. The propulsion system of claim 1, wherein the control system receives a signal indicating that a first combination of torque producing arrangement and energy source currently selected for the vehicle is depleted, and selects a second combination of torque producing arrangement and energy source to provide propulsion.

10. The propulsion system of claim 1, wherein the electrolyzer is secured to the vehicle and is connectable to the electricity grid.

11. The propulsion system of claim 1, wherein the electrolyzer is positionable in a building.

12. A vehicle propulsion system having selectable energy sources, the propulsion system comprising:

a first propulsion component having an electric drive motor operable to provide torque to at least one wheel of the vehicle, the first propulsion component being selectably connected electrically to at least a first energy source capable of receiving electrical energy;

a second propulsion component having an internal combustion engine connected to a second energy source, including a hydrogen storage tank capable of supplying hydrogen for fueling the engine, the second propulsion component further being connected to a third energy source including a fuel tank for a non-hydrogen fuel capable of fueling the engine; and

a control system having a logic block and a controller, the controller being adapted to select a combination including at least one of the propulsion components and at least one of the energy sources as determined by the logic block, the combination selected from a group including at least three combinations selected independently from the electric motor energized by a battery, the electric motor energized by a fuel cell, the electric motor energized by both the fuel cell and the battery, the internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen, the internal combustion engine fueled by a blend of hydrogen and a non-hydrogen fuel, the internal combustion engine fueled by a blend of hydrogen and a gaseous hydrocarbon, or the internal combustion engine fueled only by the non-hydrogen fuel.

13. The propulsion system of claim 12, wherein the logic block includes an algorithm providing a priority score that scores the combinations to provide at least a first scored combination and a second scored combination using a predetermined factor and provides a priority sequence to the controller, wherein the first scored combination has the higher priority score relative to the second scored combination.

14. The propulsion system of claim 13, wherein the controller receives from a driver interface a signal providing data to the logic block.

15. The propulsion system of claim 14, wherein the signal includes the price of at least one non-hydrogen fuel.

16. The propulsion system of claim 13, wherein the logic block instructs the controller to select the second scored combination when the first scored combination is depleted.

17. The propulsion system of claim 16, wherein the control system provides a signal to the propulsion component of the second combination to calibrate the propulsion component for operation before the first combination is depleted.

18. A method for using a vehicle propulsion system with selectable energy sources, the method comprising:

quantifying a quantity of energy available for at least a first short-range energy source and a second short-range energy source;

selecting a first algorithm for ranking of at least three combinations of propulsion component and energy sources, the energy sources including the first and second short-range sources;

determining priorities of use of the combinations of propulsion components and the short-range energy sources using the first algorithm;

selecting using a control system, a first propulsion component and the energy source combination, the selection being made in priority order based on the first algorithm;

starting a vehicle using the first combination;

driving until the first combination is depleted;

selecting and changing to a second combination having the next highest priority based on the first algorithm;

driving the vehicle until the second combination is depleted; and

re-energizing the short-range energy sources by connecting the vehicle to at least one energy source including an energy supply external to the vehicle.

19. The method of claim 18, further including selecting and changing to a third combination including a long-range energy source.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the combination of propulsion component and energy source includes scoring the energy source using a second algorithm.