Downlink transmit beamforming

• US 7,719,993 B2
• Filed: 12/30/2004
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Lin, Xintian E., Li, Qinghua
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; CongVan
• Application Number:
  US11/027,300
• Publication Number:
  US 20060146725A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,965 Days
• Field of Search: 370/252, 370/335, 370/264, 370/390, 455/69, 455/70, 455/500, 455/525, 455/435.1, 455101-103, 375/267, 375/299, 375/349, 375/260, 375/219, 375/224, 375/227
• US Class Current: 370/252
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0413 MIMO systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0643 Feedback on request
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0681 adapting space time parameters, i.e. modifying the space time matrix

Abstract

A wireless network access point can operate as a closed loop MIMO device when communicating with a station that is operating as an open loop MIMO device. Transmit/receive chains in the access point are calibrated to support aggregate channel reciprocity.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

calibrating a plurality of transmit/receive chains in a wireless network access point device, wherein calibrating comprises determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for each of the plurality of transmit/receive chains in terms of a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for one of the plurality of transmit/receive chains, and adjusting gain values to make the transmitter gain to receiver gain ratios substantially equal;

receiving an open loop packet from a station having a first antenna and a second antenna;

determining a downlink beamforming matrix as a pseudo-inverse of an transpose of the aggregate uplink channel matrix; and

transmitting a first data stream to the first antenna of the station, and transmitting a second data stream to the second antenna of the station.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain comprises transmitting a symbol from at least one transmitter in the plurality of transmit/receive chains, and receiving the symbol at a receiver in a different transmit/receive chain.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting comprises forming a first antenna beam to point to the first antenna, and forming a second antenna beam to point to the second antenna.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein forming first and second antenna beams comprises performing zero-forcing beamforming.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving an open loop packet comprises causing the station to transmit the open loop packet with both the first antenna and the second antenna.

6. A method comprising:

determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for each of a plurality of transmitter/receiver pairs in an access point in terms of a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for one of the plurality of transmitter/receiver pairs;

adjusting gain values of transmitter/receiver pairs in the access point to cause the ratios to be substantially equal; and

forming at least two antenna beams to transmit separate data streams to separate antennas at a single station.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein forming at least two antenna beams comprises:

inverting a transpose of an aggregate uplink channel matrix; and

applying the inverted transpose of the aggregate uplink channel matrix as a beamforming matrix.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein forming at least two antenna beams comprises zero-forcing beamforming.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein forming at least two antenna beams comprises minimum mean squared error (MMSE) beamforming.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain comprises sending a training symbol using a transmit chain, and measuring the output of a receive chain.

11. A wireless network access point comprising:

a plurality of transmit/receive chain pairs; and

a processing element, which is operable to calibrate the transmit/receive chain pairs by determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for each of a plurality of transmit/receive chain pairs in the wireless network access point in terms of a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for one of the plurality of transmit/receive chain pairs and adjusting gain values so that ratios of transmit gain to receive gain for each transmit/receive chain pair are substantially equal, and to provide a beamforming matrix to form at least two beams to communicate separately with at least two antennas on one station.

12. The wireless network access point of claim 11 wherein the processing element implements at least a portion of a media access control (MAC) layer in a protocol stack.

13. The wireless network access point of claim 12 wherein the MAC layer can request that the one station transmit using the at least two antennas.

14. The wireless network access point of claim 11 wherein the processing element controls operation of at least a portion of a physical (PHY) layer in a protocol stack.

15. The wireless network access point of claim 14 wherein the PHY layer can compute a beamforming matrix as a pseudo-inverse of a transpose of an aggregate uplink channel matrix.

16. An article comprising:

a machine-readable medium adapted to hold instructions that when accessed result in a wireless network access point determining a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for each of a plurality of transmitter/receiver pairs in a wireless network access point in terms of a ratio of transmitter gain to receiver gain for one of the plurality of transmitter/receiver pairs, adjusting gain values of transmitter/receiver pairs to cause the ratios to be substantially equal, and forming at least two antenna beams to transmit separate data streams to separate antennas at a single station.

17. The article of claim 16 wherein forming at least two beams comprises:

inverting a transpose of an aggregate uplink channel matrix; and

applying the inverted transpose of the aggregate uplink channel matrix as a beamforming matrix.

18. The article of claim 16 wherein forming at least two antenna beams comprises zero-forcing beamforming.

19. The article of claim 16 wherein forming at least two antenna beams comprises minimum mean squared error (MMSE) beamforming.