Information dissemination system having an information layer

• US 7,720,060 B2
• Filed: 07/03/2006
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Liu, Juan, Huang, Qingfeng, Greene, Daniel H., Reich, James E., Mosko, Marc E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahmed; Salman
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sloms; Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US11/428,426
• Publication Number:
  US 20080002721A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,415 Days
• Field of Search: 370/389
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/189 in combination with wireless systems selective distribution or broadcast in wireless communication networks H04W4/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1095 Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/34 involving the movement of software or configuration parameters network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] G06F9/4416
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/63 Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/027 using movement velocity, acceleration information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/029 Location-based management or tracking services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/40 for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

An information dissemination system has at least one node acting as a data source, at least one node acting as a data recipient, and an information layer residing on all of the nodes in a system. The information layer receives a generic utility function from an application on the node acting as a data source wanting to propagate information, uses the generic utility function at the node acting as data source to produce a microutility and uses the microutility on non-data source nodes of the system to propagate the information through the system to any recipients based upon the microutility.

Claims

1. An information dissemination system, comprising:

at least one node acting as a data source configured to execute an application wanting to propagate information;

at least one node acting as a data recipient; and

an information layer residing on all of the nodes in a system, the information layer to;

receive a generic utility function from the application wanting to propagate information on the node acting as a data source, wherein the utility function specifies information dissemination needs of the application and accompanies the information generated by the application;

applying the generic utility function at the node acting as a data source to calculate a microutility for each data sample of the information, wherein the microutility is based upon predicted usefulness of the information, relevance and distance metrics, and contextual information of the network;

transmit the data samples and associated microutilities from the data source; and

evaluate the microutility on non-data source nodes of the system based upon a position of the non-data source nodes relative to the data source to propagate the data samples through the system to any recipients, the propagation based upon the microutility.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is further to produce the microutility based upon relevance data and data available to the data source node at the time the microutility is produced.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the information layer is further to produce the microutility based upon previously-provided relevance data.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the information layer is further to determine the relevance data from historical observations of the information propagating in the system and to use the relevance data to produce the microutility.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is further to produce the microutility based on at least one of a spatiotemporal and topological distance metrics.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the information layer is further to produce the microutility based upon previously-provided distance metrics.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the information layer is further to gather the distance metrics from historical observations of information propagating in the system and to use the distance metrics to produce the microutility.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer further comprises a forwarding sublayer to identify information to be sent through the system to the recipient.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the forwarding sublayer identifies information received at relay nodes for further transmission.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the microutility of a data sample in transit is used to determine if the data should be forwarded.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the forwarding sublayer is further to reduce traffic load based upon the microutility of the information.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer further comprises a broadcast sublayer to reduce duplicates of the information in the system.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the broadcast layer further comprises a broadcast sublayer to utilize gossip suppression to reduce broadcast of the information.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer further comprises a congestion sublayer to monitor operation of the network and to provide a congestion summary to other modules in the information layer.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the congestion sublayer is to add information about congestion to broadcast packets.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the congestion sublayer is further to use information about congestion in received packets to update the congestion summary provided to other modules in the information layer.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is further to make decisions to drop data samples.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is further to make decisions to combine data samples under a single packet header.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is further to make decisions to compress, spatially downsample or otherwise mathematically combine multiple samples of data from the same source.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer is to determine whether the data sample will be routed via at least one available transmission medium.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the microutility is based upon time factors and position factors.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the time factors include at least one of the group consisting of:

frequency of transmission of the information, frequency of reception of the information, a predicted time for a moving recipient to reach the data source, an amount of time elapsed between transmission of the information and reception, and speed of movement of recipients of the information according to at least one of either a spatiotemporal and topological distance metric.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the position factors include at least one of the group consisting of:

a distance between the data source and a recipient according to at least one of a spatiotemporal and topological distance metric, and a direction of movement between the data source and a recipient.

24. The system of claim 1, wherein the information layer to use the generic utility function further comprises the information layer to use a normalized utility function, wherein the normalized utility function scales the microutility based upon a number of nearby data sources.

25. An article of computer-readable media containing instructions stored thereon that when executed by a computer acting as a data source in a network cause the computer to:

execute an application wanting to propagate information;

receive a generic utility function from the application on the computer wanting to propagate information as data samples, wherein the utility function specifies information dissemination needs of the application and accompanies the information generated by the application;

applying the generic utility function to calculate a microutility for each data sample, wherein the microutility is based upon predicted usefulness of the information, relevance and distance metrics, and contextual information of the network;

transmit the data samples and associated microutilities from the data source; and

provide the microutility to non-data source nodes for evaluation of the microutility to propagate the data samples through an information system to any recipients, the propagation based upon the microutility, wherein the evaluation is based upon a position of the non-data source nodes relative to the data source.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the article further contains instructions that, when executed, cause the computer to identify information to be sent through the system to the recipient.

27. The system of claim 25, wherein the article further contains instructions that, when executed, cause the computer to reduce duplicates of the information in the system.

28. The article of claim 25, wherein the article further contains instructions that, when executed, cause the computer to monitor operation of the network and to provide a congestion summary to other modules in the information layer.

29. A method, comprising:

receiving a generic utility function from an application wanting to propagate information as data samples operating on a node in a network acting as a data source, wherein the utility function specified information dissemination needs of the application and accompanies the information generated by the application;

applying the generic utility function to produce a microutility for each data sample, wherein the microutility is based upon predicted usefulness of the information, relevance and distance metrics, and contextual information of the network;

transmitting the data samples and the associated microutilities; and

providing the microutilities to non-data source nodes in an information system to allow evaluation of the microutilities to propagate the data samples through the system to any recipients, the propagation based upon the microutility, wherein the evaluation is based upon a position of the non-data source nodes relative to the data source.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein using the generic utility function to produce the microutility further comprises producing the microutility based upon relevance data and data available to the data source node at the time the microutility is produced.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein producing the microutility further comprises producing the microutility based upon at least one of previously-provided relevance data or relevance data determined from historical observations of information propagating in the system.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein producing the microutility further comprises producing the microutility based on at least one of a spatiotemporal and topological distance metrics.