Method for measurement of head related transfer functions

• US 7,720,229 B2
• Filed: 11/07/2003
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Maryland
• Original Assignee: University of Maryland
• Inventors: Duraiswami, Ramani, Gumerov, Nail A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin; Vivian
• Assistant Examiner(s): Monikang; George C
• Application Number:
  US10/702,465
• Publication Number:
  US 20040091119A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,384 Days
• Field of Search: 381/309, 381 17- 19, 381/303, 381/307, 381/26
• US Class Current: 381/17
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 1/002 Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field H04S7/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 1/005 For headphones
• CPC Class Codes: H04S 2420/01 Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]

Abstract

Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) of an individual are measured in rapid fashion in an arrangement where a sound source is positioned in the individual'"'"'s ear channel, while microphones are arranged in the microphone array enveloping the individual'"'"'s head. The pressure waves generated by the sounds emanating from the sound source reach the microphones and are converted into corresponding electrical signals which are further processed in a processing system to extract HRTFs, which may then be used to synthesize a spatial audio scene. The acoustic field generated by the sounds from the sound source can be evaluated at any desired point inside or outside the microphone array.

Claims

1. A method for measurement of Head Related Transfer Functions, comprising the steps of:

placing a sound source into an individual'"'"'s ear;

establishing a microphone array of a plurality of microphones, said microphone array enveloping the individual'"'"'s head,

emanating a predetermined combination of audio signals from said sound source, said combination of audio signals propagating in an outward direction from said individual'"'"'s ear;

collecting pressure wave signals at said microphones generated by said audio signals, said pressure wave signals being a function of anatomical properties of the individual, and

processing data corresponding to said pressure wave signals to extract a Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF), based on said signals which emanate from within said ear of the individual, and propagate in an outward direction therefrom.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

converting said pressure wave signals into time domain electrical signals and recording the same in a processing system for processing therein.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

generating said predetermined combination of said audio signals, and coupling said audio signals to said source of the sound.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said processing of said time domain electrical signals comprises the steps of:

transforming said time domain electrical signals acquired by said microphone array to the frequency domain, and

applying a HRTF fitting procedure to said frequency domain signals by transforming the same to spherical functions coefficients domain, representing HRTFs.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:

compressing said spherical functions coefficients.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:

storing said HRTFs on a memory device.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

interfacing said memory device with an audio playback device,

combining sounds to emanate from said audio playback device with said Head Related Transfer Functions of the individual thereby synthesizing a spatial audio scene, and

playing said combined sounds to the individual.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

encapsulating said source of a sound into a silicone rubber.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said first audio signals are low frequency audio signals in the range of frequency approximately from 1.5 kHz to the upper limit of hearing.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

tracking the position of said plurality of the microphones relative to said sound source.

11. A method for measurement of Head Related Transfer Functions, comprising the steps of:

placing a sound source into an individual'"'"'s ear;

establishing a microphone array of a plurality of microphones, said microphone array enveloping the individual'"'"'s head,

emanating a predetermined combination of audio signals from said sound source,

collecting pressure wave signals at said microphones generated by said audio signals, said pressure wave signals being a function of anatomical properties of the individual;

processing data corresponding to said pressure wave signals to extract a Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) of the individual therefrom;

converting said pressure wave signals into time domain electrical signals and recording the same in a processing system for processing therein;

transforming said time domain electrical signals acquired by said microphone array to the frequency domain;

applying a HRTF fitting procedure to said frequency domain signals by transforming the same to spherical functions coefficients domain, representing HRTFs;

selecting a truncation number p for each wavenumber in said frequency domain,

forming a matrix {φ

} of multipoles evaluated at locations of said microphones,

forming a set {ψ

} of signal amplitudes at said locations of said microphones, and solving an equation

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of interpolating and extrapolating the HRTF to any valid point located at the space around the individual'"'"'s head using said coefficients.

13. A system for measurement of Head Related Transfer Function, comprising:

a sound source adapted to be positioned in the ear of an individual,

means for generating a predetermined combination of audio signals emanating from said sound source,

a plurality of pressure wave sensors positioned in enveloping relationship with the head of the individual,

said pressure wave sensors collecting pressure waves generated by said audio signals emanating from said sound source,

data processing means for processing data corresponding to said pressure waves to extract the Head Related Transfer Functions therefrom, wherein the step of extracting further includes;

selecting a truncation number p for each wavenumber in a frequency domain derived from a time domain, said time domain in turn derived from signals converted from and corresponding to said pressure waves,

forming a matrix {Φ

} of multipoles evaluated at locations of said pressure wave sensors,

forming a set {ψ

} of signal amplitudes at said locations of said pressure wave sensors, and solving an equation

14. The system of claim 13, wherein said processing means further comprises:

means for applying a HRTF fitting procedure to data corresponding to acquired pressure waves at said sensors to obtain HRTFs therefrom, and

a memory device for storing these obtained HRTFs.