Methods and apparatus for calibrating oscillators in a receiver

• US 7,720,451 B2
• Filed: 12/03/2004
• Issued: 05/18/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Harris Global Communications, Inc. (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. (ITT, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kwolek, Richard Alan, Rodgers, William Ellis, Wight, Bruce
• Primary Examiner(s): Pan; Yuwen
• Assistant Examiner(s): AKINYEMI, AJIBOLA A
• Application Number:
  US11/002,151
• Publication Number:
  US 20060121864A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,992 Days
• Field of Search: 455/182.1
• US Class Current: 455/182.1
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 1/0008 using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor digital tuning in general H03J5/0245
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 2200/29 Self-calibration of a receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0016 Stabilisation of local oscillators
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0028 at passband only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0053 Closed loops
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0014 Carrier regulation of chaotic carriers H04L27/001; for multicarrier receivers H04L27/2657

Abstract

A receiver includes a first oscillator supplying a reference frequency signal; a reference signal generator producing a first frequency conversion signal and a local calibration signal from the reference frequency signal; a first frequency converter responsive to the first frequency conversion signal to down-convert the received signal during normal receive operation and to down-convert the local calibration signal during calibration processing; a second frequency converter responsive to a second frequency conversion signal from a second oscillator to further down-convert the received signal and the local calibration signal; a demodulator that demodulates the received signal at a demodulation frequency; and a frequency error processor that determines a frequency error from the local calibration signal at the demodulation frequency, wherein the reference signal generator adjusts a frequency of the first frequency conversion signal used during normal receive operation in response to the frequency error to compensate for the frequency error.

Claims

1. A receiver, comprising:

a reference signal generator comprising a first oscillator supplying a reference frequency signal, the reference signal generator producing both a first frequency conversion signal and a local calibration signal from the reference frequency signal, wherein the local calibration signal is generated from a harmonic of the reference frequency signal;

a first frequency converter responsive to the first frequency conversion signal to down-convert a frequency of a received signal during normal receive operation and to down-convert a frequency of the local calibration signal from the reference signal generator using the first frequency conversion signal from the reference signal generator during calibration processing;

a first switch in a path between an antenna and the receiver;

a second switch in a path between the reference signal generator and the first frequency converter, wherein the first switch is closed and the second switch is open during normal receive operation such that the received signal is supplied to the first frequency converter, and the first switch is open and the second switch is closed during calibration processing such that the local calibration signal is supplied to the first frequency converter;

a second oscillator having a lower accuracy than the first oscillator, the second oscillator generating a second frequency conversion signal;

a second frequency converter responsive to the second frequency conversion signal to further down-convert the frequency of the received signal during normal receive operation and to further down-convert the frequency of the local calibration signal during calibration processing;

a demodulator configured to demodulate the received signal at a demodulation frequency during normal receive operation; and

a frequency error processor configured to determine a frequency error from the local calibration signal at the demodulation frequency during calibration processing, wherein the reference signal generator adjusts a frequency of the first frequency conversion signal used during normal receive operation in response to the frequency error to compensate for the frequency error, wherein adjusting the frequency of the first frequency conversion signal compensates for frequency errors introduced by the second oscillator.

2. The receiver of claim 1, wherein, during calibration processing, the reference signal generator adjusts the first frequency conversion signal such that the frequency of the down-convened local calibration signal is centered in an intermediate frequency (IF) passband.

3. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the reference signal generator further comprises a frequency synthesizer that generates the first frequency conversion signal used during normal receive operation in response to the reference frequency signal and a signal from the frequency error processor indicative of the frequency error.

4. The receiver of claim 1, further comprising a harmonic filter configured to receive the reference frequency signal and harmonics thereof and to generate the local calibration signal from a harmonic of the reference frequency signal.

5. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver is isolated from external signals during calibration processing.

6. The receiver of claim 5, wherein the receiver is isolated from external signals by disconnecting an antenna from the receiver during calibration processing.

7. The receiver of claim 5, further comprising an RF amplifier that supplies the received signal to the first frequency converter during normal receive operation, wherein the receiver is isolated from external signals during calibration processing by de-tuning the RF amplifier to a frequency different from the frequency of the local calibration signal.

8. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the demodulation frequency is a baseband frequency.

9. The receiver of claim 1, the frequency error processor determines the frequency error from inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the local calibration signal.

10. The receiver of claim 9, wherein the magnitude of the frequency error is determined from a rate of phase rotation computed from the arctangent of (Q/I), and a sign of the frequency error is determined from a direction of phase rotation.

11. The receiver of claim 1, wherein frequency error processor measures the frequency error to an accuracy of a partial cycle at the demodulation frequency.

12. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the demodulation frequency is an intermediate frequency.

13. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the demodulator is a phase lock loop (PLL) type demodulator, and the frequency error processor determines the frequency error from a control signal generated by the PLL type demodulator.

14. The receiver of claim 1, further comprising:

a third oscillator having a lower accuracy than the first oscillator, the third oscillator generating a third frequency conversion signal; and

a third frequency converter responsive to the third frequency conversion signal to further down-convert the frequency of the received signal during normal receive operation and to further down-convert the frequency of the local calibration signal during calibration processing,

wherein the frequency error determined by the frequency error processor is a composite frequency error resulting from frequency errors caused by the second and third oscillators, and wherein the reference signal generator adjusts the frequency of the first frequency conversion signal used during normal receive operation to compensate for the composite frequency error.

15. The receiver of claim 1, wherein the second oscillator is un-calibrated.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein (a) includes disconnecting an antenna from the receiver.

16. In a receiver employing a reference oscillator and a lower accuracy oscillator, a method for calibrating oscillator frequency to compensate for a frequency error caused by the lower accuracy oscillator, comprising:

(a) isolating the receiver from external signals by opening a first switch between an antenna and the receiver during calibration processing;

(b) generating a local calibration signal from a harmonic of a reference frequency signal supplied by the reference oscillator and supplying the local calibration signal to the receiver via a path including a second switch that is closed during calibration processing;

(c) down-converting the frequency of the local calibration signal generated from the reference frequency signal using a first frequency conversion signal also generated from the reference frequency signal;

(d) further down-converting the frequency of the local calibration signal in accordance with a second frequency conversion signal generated by the lower accuracy oscillator;

(e) measuring the frequency error from the local calibration signal at a demodulation frequency; and

(f) adjusting a frequency of the first frequency conversion signal used for subsequent reception of external signals to compensate for the frequency error caused by the lower accuracy oscillator.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein (c) includes down-converting the frequency of the local calibration signal using a first frequency conversion signal having a frequency such that the frequency of the down-converted local calibration signal is centered in an intermediate frequency (IF) passband.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein (a) includes de-tuning an RF amplifier of the receiver to a frequency different from the frequency of the local calibration signal.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the demodulation frequency is a baseband frequency.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein (e) includes determining the frequency error from inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the local calibration signal.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein (e) includes determining the magnitude of the frequency error from a rate of phase rotation computed from the arctangent of (Q/I), and determining a sign of the frequency error from a direction of phase rotation.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein (e) includes determining the frequency error to an accuracy of a partial cycle at the demodulation frequency.

24. The method of claim 16, wherein the demodulation frequency is an intermediate frequency.

25. The method of claim 16, wherein (e) includes determining the frequency error from a control signal generated by a phase lock loop (PLL) type demodulator.

26. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

(g) further down-converting the frequency of the local calibration signal in accordance with a third frequency conversion signal generated by a second lower accuracy oscillator;

wherein (e) includes determining the frequency error that is a composite frequency error resulting from frequency errors caused by the lower accuracy oscillator and the second lower accuracy oscillator, and wherein (f) includes adjusting the frequency of the first frequency conversion signal to compensate for the composite frequency error.

27. The method of claim 16, wherein the second oscillator remains un-calibrated.