Polymerization processes
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), wherein the one or more monomer(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of olefins, alpha-olefins, disubstituted olefins, isoolefins, conjugated dienes, non-conjugated dienes, styrenics, substituted styrenics, and vinyl ethers, one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 15 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MRnX3-n;
wherein M is a Group 13 metal;
each R is a monovalent C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;
n is an integer from 1 to 3; and
each X is a halogen.
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Abstract
The invention provides for a process to produce polymers utilizing a hydrofluorocarbon diluent.
149 Citations
51 Claims
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1. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), wherein the one or more monomer(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of olefins, alpha-olefins, disubstituted olefins, isoolefins, conjugated dienes, non-conjugated dienes, styrenics, substituted styrenics, and vinyl ethers, one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 15 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MRnX3-n;
wherein M is a Group 13 metal; each R is a monovalent C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals; n is an integer from 1 to 3; and each X is a halogen. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10)
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MRnX3-n;
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2. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s) wherein the Lewis acid metal is from Groups 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table, and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen halide, a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid halide, a sulfonic acid, an alcohol, a phenol, a polymeric halide, a tertiary alkyl halide, a tertiary aralkyl halide, a tertiary alkyl ester, a tertiary aralkyl ester, a tertiary alkyl ether, a tertiary aralkyl ether, an alkyl halide, an aryl halide, an alkylaryl halide and an arylalkylacid halide.
- View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
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21. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MXy;
wherein M is a Group 15 metal; each X is a halogen; and y is 3, 4 or 5.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MXy;
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22. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MRnXy-n;
wherein M is a Group 15 metal; each R is a monovalent C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals; n is an integer from 0 to 4; y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein n is less than y; and each X is a halogen.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula MRnXy-n;
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23. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula M(RO)nR′
mXy−
(m+n);wherein M is a Group 15 metal, each RO is a monovalent C1 to C30 hydrocarboxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylaryloxy radicals; each R′
is a monovalent C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;n is an integer from 0 to 4; m is an integer from 0 to 4; y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein the sum of n and m is less than y; and each X is a halogen.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula M(RO)nR′
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24. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula M(RC═
OO)nR′
mXy−
(m+n);wherein M is a Group 15 metal; each RC═
OO is a monovalent C2 to C30 hydrocarbacyloxy radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkacyloxy, arylacyloxy, arylalkylacyloxy, alkylarylacyloxy radicals;each R′
is a monovalent C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radical independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals;n is an integer from 0 to 4; m is an integer from 0 to 4; y is 3, 4 or 5, wherein the sum of n and in is less than y; and each X is a halogen.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is represented by the formula M(RC═
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27. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s) wherein the Lewis acid metal is from Groups 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table, and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of HCl, H2O, methanol, (CH3)3CCl, C6H5C(CH3)2Cl, (2-Chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane) and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.
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28. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s) wherein the Lewis acid metal is from Groups 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table, and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid;
cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 1-chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, p-fluorobenzoic acid, acetyl chloride, acetyl bromide, cinnamyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, benzoyl bromide, trichloroacetylchloride, trifluoroacetylchloride, p-fluorobenzoylchloride, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trichloromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonyl bromide, trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride, trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, 2-methylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, p-chlorophenol, p-fluorophenol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid;
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29. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s) wherein the Lewis acid metal is from Groups 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table, and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-bromo-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-chloro-2-methylpropane;
2-bromo-2-methylpropane;
2-chloro-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
2-bromo-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
1-chloro-1-methylethylbenzene;
1-chloroadamantane;
1-chloroethylbenzene;
1,4-bis(1-chloro-1-methylethyl)benzene;
5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-chloro-1-methylethyl)benzene;
2-acetoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-benzoyloxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-acetoxy-2-methylpropane;
2-benzoyloxy-2-methylpropane;
2-acetoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
2-benzoyl-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
1-acetoxy-1-methylethylbenzene;
1-aceotxyadamantane;
1-benzoyloxyethylbenzene;
1,4-bis(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene;
5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene;
2-methoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-isopropoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
2-methoxy-2-methylpropane;
2-benzyloxy-2-methylpropane;
2-methoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
2-isopropoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane;
1-methoxy-1-methylethylbenzene;
1-methoxyadamantane;
1-methoxyethylbenzene;
1,4-bis(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene;
5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)benzene, and 1,3,5-tris(1-chloro-1-methylethyl)benzene.
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises one or more initiator(s) independently selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane;
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30. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more monomer(s), one or more Lewis acid(s) wherein the Lewis acid metal is from Groups 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table, and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s) in a reactor and wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
- C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa and wherein the process further comprises a weakly-coordinating anion.
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46. The process of claim 45, wherein the diluent further comprises a non-reactive olefin, and/or an inert gas.
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47. The polymerization process of claim 2, the process comprising the steps of:
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reacting the one or more monomer(s) in the presence of one or more Lewis acid(s), one or more initiator(s), and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s); and withdrawing the polymer from the reactor.
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48. The polymerization process of claim 2, the process comprising the steps of:
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(a) introducing one or more monomer(s) into a reactor; (b) adding one or more Lewis acid(s) and one or more initiator(s); (c) introducing a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s); and (d) withdrawing a polymer from the reactor.
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49. The polymerization process of claim 2 in which particles of polymer are produced in a slurry using a catalyst system and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC'"'"'s).
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50. A polymerization medium suitable to polymerize one or more monomer(s) to form a polymer, the polymerization medium comprising one or more Lewis acid(s), one or more initiator(s) and a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC);
- wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is not a compound represented by formula MX3, where M is a group 13 metal and X is a halogen, wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization medium is less than 0°
C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa, and wherein the one or more initiator(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen halide, a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid halide, a sulfonic acid, an alcohol, a phenol, a polymeric halide, a tertiary alkyl halide, a tertiary aralkyl halide, a tertiary alkyl ester, a tertiary aralkyl ester, a tertiary alkyl ether, a tertiary aralkyl ether, an alkyl halide, an aryl halide, an alkylaryl halide and an arylalkylacid halide.
- wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is not a compound represented by formula MX3, where M is a group 13 metal and X is a halogen, wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization medium is less than 0°
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51. A process to polymerize one or more monomer(s) to form a polymer, comprising contacting one or more monomer(s) in a polymerization medium comprising one or more Lewis acid(s), a weakly coordinating anion, and a diluent comprising one or more non-aryl hydrofluorocarbon(s) (HFC);
- wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is not a compound represented by formula MX3, where M is a group 13 metal and X is a halogen, wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
C. and the pressure is from above 0 to 14,000 kPa.
- wherein the one or more Lewis acid(s) is not a compound represented by formula MX3, where M is a group 13 metal and X is a halogen, wherein the diluent comprises from 5 to 100 volume % HFC based upon the total volume of diluent, the temperature of the polymerization is less than 0°
Specification