DC coefficient signaling at small quantization step sizes

• US 7,738,554 B2
• Filed: 07/17/2004
• Issued: 06/15/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Lin, Chih-Lung, Srinivasan, Sridhar, Regunathan, Shankar
• Primary Examiner(s): Banks Harold; Marsha D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Anyikire; Chikaodili E
• Application Number:
  US10/893,168
• Publication Number:
  US 20050041738A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,159 Days
• Field of Search: 375/240.03, 375/240.18, 375/240.23
• US Class Current: 375/240.03
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/124 Quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/126 Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/136 Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/137 Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/17 the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/18 the unit being a set of transform coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/184 the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/186 the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/44 Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/46 Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/625 using discrete cosine transform [DCT]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/70 characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/91 Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding

Abstract

Described tools and techniques relate to signaling for DC coefficients at small quantization step sizes. The techniques and tools can be used in combination or independently. For example, a tool such as a video encoder or decoder processes a VLC that indicates a DC differential for a DC coefficient, a FLC that indicates a value refinement for the DC differential, and a third code that indicates the sign for the DC differential. Even with the small quantization step sizes, the tool uses a VLC table with DC differentials for DC coefficients above the small quantization step sizes. The FLCs for DC differentials have lengths that vary depending on quantization step size.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method of decoding video using a video decoder, the method comprising:

receiving encoded data in a bit stream and decoding a video picture using the encoded data, including;

receiving a first code that indicates a value for a DC differential for a DC coefficient of a block of the video picture;

decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential;

receiving a second code that indicates a refinement of the value for the DC differential;

decoding the second code to determine the refinement of the value for the DC differential; and

reconstructing the DC differential using the value for the DC differential and the refinement, including adding the refinement to a multiple of the value for the DC differential, wherein the DC differential represents a difference of the DC coefficient from a DC predictor,

wherein the multiple of the value for the DC differential is determined by multiplying the value for the DC differential by a factor that depends on quantization step size, and

wherein;

if the quantization step size is 1, the factor is 4; and

if the quantization step size is 2, the factor is 2.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiving and decoding the second code are conditioned on quantization step size being 1 or 2.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second code is a FLC having a length that varies depending on quantization step size.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential comprises:

determining whether the first code indicates an escape code and, if so;

determining a code length that varies depending on quantization step size;

receiving a third code that has the code length;

decoding the third code to determine a value for the DC differential; and

otherwise, the first code not indicating the escape code, determining the value for the DC differential from the first code.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising receiving a fourth code that represents a sign for the DC differential, wherein the reconstructing also uses the sign for the DC differential.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein:

if the quantization step size is 1, the code length is 10;

if the quantization step size is 2, the code length is 9; and

otherwise, the quantization step size being greater than 2, the code length is 8.

7. A system for decoding video using a video decoder, the system comprising:

memory means for storing program instructions;

processor means operating to execute the program instructions in the memory means for receiving encoded data in a bit stream and decoding a video picture using the encoded data, including by;

receiving a first code that indicates a value for a DC differential for a DC coefficient of a block of the video picture;

decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential;

receiving a second code that indicates a refinement of the value for the DC differential;

decoding the second code to determine the refinement of the value for the DC differential; and

reconstructing the DC differential using the value for the DC differential and the refinement, including adding the refinement to a multiple of the value for the DC differential, wherein the DC differential represents a difference of the DC coefficient from a DC predictor,

wherein the multiple of the value for the DC differential is determined by multiplying the value for the DC differential by a factor that depends on quantization step size, and

wherein;

if the quantization step size is 1, the factor is 4; and

if the quantization step size is 2, the factor is 2.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the receiving and decoding the second code are conditioned on quantization step size being 1 or 2.

9. The system of claim 7 wherein the second code is a FLC having a length that varies depending on quantization step size.

10. The system of claim 7 wherein said decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential comprises:

determining whether the first code indicates an escape code and, if so;

determining a code length that varies depending on quantization step size;

receiving a third code that has the code length;

decoding the third code to determine a value for the DC differential; and

otherwise, the first code not indicating the escape code, determining the value for the DC differential from the first code.

11. The system of claim 10 further comprising receiving a fourth code that represents a sign for the DC differential, wherein the reconstructing also uses the sign for the DC differential.

12. The system of claim 10 wherein:

if the quantization step size is 1, the code length is 10;

if the quantization step size is 2, the code length is 9; and

otherwise, the quantization step size being greater than 2, the code length is 8.

13. A computer-readable storage medium having program instructions stored thereon for execution by a processing unit of a computer to perform a method of decoding video, the method comprising:

receiving encoded data in a bit stream and decoding a video picture using the encoded data, including by;

receiving a first code that indicates a value for a DC differential for a DC coefficient of a block of the video picture;

decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential;

receiving a second code that indicates a refinement of the value for the DC differential;

decoding the second code to determine the refinement of the value for the DC differential; and

reconstructing the DC differential using the value for the DC differential and the refinement, including adding the refinement to a multiple of the value for the DC differential, wherein the DC differential represents a difference of the DC coefficient from a DC predictor,

wherein the multiple of the value for the DC differential is determined by multiplying the value for the DC differential by a factor that depends on quantization step size, and

wherein;

if the quantization step size is 1, the factor is 4; and

if the quantization step size is 2, the factor is 2.

14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 wherein the receiving and decoding the second code are conditioned on quantization step size being 1 or 2.

15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 wherein the second code is a FLC having a length that varies depending on quantization step size.

16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 wherein said decoding the first code to determine the value for the DC differential comprises:

determining whether the first code indicates an escape code and, if so;

determining a code length that varies depending on quantization step size;

receiving a third code that has the code length;

decoding the third code to determine a value for the DC differential; and

otherwise, the first code not indicating the escape code, determining the value for the DC differential from the first code.

17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 wherein the method further comprises receiving a fourth code that represents a sign for the DC differential, wherein the reconstructing also uses the sign for the DC differential.

18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 wherein:

if the quantization step size is 1, the code length is 10;

if the quantization step size is 2, the code length is 9; and

otherwise, the quantization step size being greater than 2, the code length is 8.