Landmark navigation for vehicles using blinking optical beacons
First Claim
1. A method for landmark navigation of a vehicle, comprising:
- a. storing data in the vehicle representing locations of each of a plurality of optical beacons in a field of operation, wherein each optical beacon emits or reflects an optical signal at a predetermined blink frequency and with a 50% duty cycle and such that the plurality of optical beacons are not synchronized;
b. during a position update cycle;
i. capturing a pair of image frames in the field of operation with at least one imaging device on the vehicle, wherein capturing comprises capturing the pair of image frames such that a time interval separating the capture of the image frames in the pair is equal to one-half of a blink period corresponding to the predetermined blink frequency of the optical beacons, and the time of capture for each image in the pair of image frames coincides with emission or reflection by a different set of optical beacons;
ii. generating data representing a difference frame between the two image frames in the pair of image frames;
iii. identifying pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame; and
iv. deriving a position and orientation of the vehicle from data representing pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame and from the stored data representing the location of each of the optical beacons in the field of operation.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A system and method for landmark navigation employing optical beacons deployed at locations throughout a field of operation of a vehicle. The optical beacons emit or reflect an optical signal at a predetermined blink frequency. The locations of the optical beacons may or may not be known to the vehicle. At least one imaging device on the vehicle, such as a digital camera, captures images in the field of operation, and in particular a pair of image frames such that the time interval between the image frames of the pair is equal to one-half of the blink period of the optical signal. Data is generated that represents a difference frame between two image frames captured by the imaging device. Pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame are identified. The position and orientation of the vehicle is determined from data representing pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A method for landmark navigation of a vehicle, comprising:
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a. storing data in the vehicle representing locations of each of a plurality of optical beacons in a field of operation, wherein each optical beacon emits or reflects an optical signal at a predetermined blink frequency and with a 50% duty cycle and such that the plurality of optical beacons are not synchronized; b. during a position update cycle; i. capturing a pair of image frames in the field of operation with at least one imaging device on the vehicle, wherein capturing comprises capturing the pair of image frames such that a time interval separating the capture of the image frames in the pair is equal to one-half of a blink period corresponding to the predetermined blink frequency of the optical beacons, and the time of capture for each image in the pair of image frames coincides with emission or reflection by a different set of optical beacons; ii. generating data representing a difference frame between the two image frames in the pair of image frames; iii. identifying pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame; and iv. deriving a position and orientation of the vehicle from data representing pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame and from the stored data representing the location of each of the optical beacons in the field of operation. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A landmark navigation system for a vehicle, comprising:
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a. a data storage device that stores data representing a location of each of a plurality of optical beacons in a field of operation, wherein each optical beacon emits or reflects an optical signal at a predetermined blink frequency and with a 50% duty cycle and such that the plurality of optical beacons are not synchronized; b. at least one imaging device that captures images in a field of view from the vehicle in the field of operation; and c. a controller connected to the storage device and the at least one imaging device, wherein for each of a plurality of position update cycles, the controller controls the at least one imaging device to capture a pair of image frames such that a time interval separating the capture of the image frames in the pair is equal to one-half of a blink period corresponding to the predetermined blink frequency of the optical beacons and the time of capture for each image in the pair of image frames coincides with emission or reflection by a different set of optical beacons, processes image data for the pair of images frames to generate a difference frame between the two image frames in the pair of image frames, and analyzes the difference frame in order to derive a position and orientation of the vehicle based on the stored data representing the location of each of the optical beacons in the field of operation. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for determining a position of the vehicle based on an optical signal having a predetermined blink frequency and with a 50% duty cycle that is emitted or reflected by each of a plurality of optical beacons positioned in a field of operation of the vehicle and such that the plurality of optical beacons are not synchronized, comprising:
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storing data in the vehicle that represents the actual location of one or more of the optical beacons in the field of operation; generating data representing a difference frame between two image frames captured from the vehicle such that a time interval separating the capture of the two image frames is equal to one-half of a blink period of the optical signal and the time of capture for each image in the pair of image frames coincides with emission or reflection by a different set of optical beacons; identifying pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame; and computing a position and orientation of the vehicle and from said stored data and from data representing pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21)
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22. A tangible computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to determine a position of the vehicle based on an optical signal having a predetermined blink frequency and with a 50% duty cycle that is emitted or reflected by each of a plurality of optical beacons positioned in a field of operation of the vehicle and such that the plurality of optical beacons are not synchronized, the instructions cause the computer to perform operations comprising:
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storing data in the vehicle that represents the actual location of one or more of the optical beacons in the field of operation; generating data representing a difference frame between two image frames captured from the vehicle such that a time interval separating the capture of the two image frames is equal to one-half of a blink period of the optical signal and the time of capture for each image in the pair of image frames coincides with emission or reflection by a different set of optical beacons; identifying pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame; and computing a position and orientation of the vehicle and from said stored data and from data representing pixel locations of optical beacons in the difference frame. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification